The Effect of Balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) Immersion Water On The Hematological Profile of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) That Given Liquor (Ciu)

Consumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p <0.05) on the Balimo immersion water treatment, but if it was seen from the difference in the mean data of each variable, it could still be seen the difference from each treatment. In this study, it can be concluded that Balimo immersion water was able to improve the hematological status of rats that had been given Ciu liquor with a 0,2 mL dose.

Pengaruh Air Rendaman Batang Balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) terhadap Histologis Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Setelah Diberi Ciu.

Batang Balimo mengandung senyawa alkaloid yang mempunyai efek anti inflamasi untuk mengurangi pembengkakan pada ginjal dan mengandung antioksidan yang dapat menghambat reaksi oksidasi, dengan mengikat radikal bebas dan molekul yang sangat reaktif yang dihasilkan dari metabolisme alkohol. Atas dasar potensi tersebut dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan, menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh air rendaman batang Balimo terhadap kerusakan glomerulus, tubulus kontortus proksimal, tubulus kontortus distal ginjal, bobot ginjal, rasio bobot ginjal terhadap bobot tubuh tikus putih menjadi normal yang sebelumnya telah diberi konsumsi ciu. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap menggunakan 20 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu P0 (kelompok kontrol negatif), P1 (kelompok kontrol positif diberi ciu 2 minggu), P2(kelompok kontrol positif diberi ciu 2 minggu dan air rendaman batang Balimo 2 minggu) dan P3 (kelompok kontrol positif diberi ciu 4 minggu dan air rendaman batang Balimo 2 minggu). Hasil analisis dengan uji Anova menunjukan tidak terdapat pengaruh bermakna (p>0,05) dari pemberian air rendaman batang balimo terhadap bobot ginjal, diameter glomerulus, diameter lumen tubulus kontortus proksimal, lumen tubulus kontortus distal dan rasio bobot ginjal terhadap bobot badan tikus yang diberi ciu. Berdasarkan deskripsi histologis ginjal dapat disimpulkan bahwa batang balimo memperbaiki ginjal yang mengalami hipertropi karena konsumsi ciu.

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities of Leaf, Fruit, and Branch Essential Oils Obtained From Zanthoxylum nitidum Grown in Vietnam

Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC is a traditional Vietnamese medicine to treat coughs, stomachache, toothache, blood stagnation, and sore throats. The essential oils (EOs) of the leaves, fruits, and stems of this plant were extracted by hydrodistillation and subjected to analysis by gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector (FID) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The isolated EOs were then evaluated in terms of their antimicrobial activity by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and in vitro cytotoxic effect against 5 human tumor cell lines. GC-MS-FID analysis showed 35, 32, and 25 compounds accounting for 97.6%, 91.7%, and 96.2% of the total EO contents from the leaves, fruits, and stems, respectively. The major compounds of the leaf EO were limonene (44.3%), β-caryophyllene (12.5%), linalool (11.0%), germacrene D (5.3%), and α-pinene (4.9%); the major compounds of the fruit EO were n-pentadecane (34.8%), sabinene (18.3%), and n-heptadecane (4.7%), and the major components of the stem EO were 2-undecanone (72.3%), β-caryophyllene (5.8%), and germacrene D (4.0%). The EOs of leaves, fruits, and stems of Z. nitidum exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Fusarium oxysporum with MIC values of 100 µg/mL. The leaf and branch EOs exhibited cytotoxic activity against all tested cancer cell lines, especially A-549 and HepG-2. Findings from the present study provide important knowledge about the potential uses of Z. nitidum EOs as a natural antibacterial and antitumor agents.

Zanthoxylum nitidum extract attenuates BMP-2-induced inflammation and hyperpermeability

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is commonly applied in spinal surgery to augment spinal fusion. Nevertheless, its pro-inflammatory potential could induce dangerous side effects such as vascular hyper-permeability, posing the need for manners against this condition. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of Zanthoxylum nitidum (ZN) on BMP-2-related hyperpermeability and inflammation on the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results revealed that, in a concentration-dependent manner, BMP-2 enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which were, however, suppressed by ZN. ZN inhibited BMP-2-induced inflammatory response by suppressing the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 and IκB, and the abnormal nuclear translocation of p65. Moreover, the inhibited expression intercellular tight junction protein VE-cadherin and Occludin caused by BMP-2 was blocked by ZN. The hyper-permeability of HUVECs induced by BMP-2, as expressed as the higher fluorescent intensity of dextran, was also reversed by ZN. Overall, these findings demonstrated that ZN antagonized BMP-2-induced inflammation and hyperpermeability. It could be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of BMP-2-induced side effects during spinal fusion.