The Teachers’ Approach to the Theoretical Knowledge Taught in Online Physical Education Classes During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Context: In the current period, researchers in the field of physical education (PE) have highlighted the need for a theoretical component to support practical activity. This aims to provide students with a rational understanding of the objectives, principles and concepts underlying this discipline. Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic forced the Romanian government to move the educational process to the online environment. So, given this situation, we tried to find out if the PE teachers chose to teach theoretical content during this period. Procedure: A two-part questionnaire was designed for PE teachers: in the first part demographic information is requested, and in the second part, they were asked to provide answers to 8 items. For each item in the second part, teachers had to choose from 5 answer options built on the likert scale: <Not at all>, <A little>, <Enough>, <Much>, <Very much>. Results: The teachers said that they taught <Much> or <Very much> nutritional knowledge (43%), behavioral knowledge 48% and information about famous athletes (46%). But, 53% of them said they used the PE textbook <A little> or <Not at all>. Conclusion & Recommendations: During the period in which physical education took place online, the teachers stated that they taught a vast theoretical content. However, for the most part, the contents taught were not those in the PE textbook. In the future, clearer delimitations of the importance of theoretical knowledge are needed, as well as clarifications regarding the theoretical contents that must be mastered by students.

A Construção de Saberes no Trabalho do Tatuador: um Olhar sob a Perspectiva da Abordagem Estética

The present study analyzes how and what knowledge constitutes the daily work of tattooing in light of the organizational aesthetic approach. For this purpose, the authors explore the theme of knowledge at work by considering the knowledge produced in the daily life of this practice, analyzing the interaction between different knowings, artifacts, and practices. The study used techniques of participant observation and narrative interviews, with data analysis through thematic analysis of narratives. The practice of tattooing consists of six types of knowledge: (a) creation and/or reproduction of the design; (b) doings and sayings related to each practice; (c) manipulation of artifacts; (d) technique; (e) body movement; (f) activation of the human senses. Shedding light on the knowledge of the practice of tattooing brings to the focus of organizational studies the importance of the aesthetic dimension, proposing an alternative for the logical-rational understanding of the organizational context.

The Construction of Knowledge in the Work of a Tattoo Artist: A Look from the Perspective of Aesthetics

The present study analyzes how and what knowledge constitutes the daily work of tattooing in light of the organizational aesthetic approach. For this purpose, the authors explore the theme of knowledge at work by considering the knowledge produced in the daily life of this practice, analyzing the interaction between different knowings, artifacts, and practices. The study used techniques of participant observation and narrative interviews, with data analysis through thematic analysis of narratives. The practice of tattooing consists of six types of knowledge: (a) creation and/or reproduction of the design; (b) doings and sayings related to each practice; (c) manipulation of artifacts; (d) technique; (e) body movement; (f) activation of the human senses. Shedding light on the knowledge of the practice of tattooing brings to the focus of organizational studies the importance of the aesthetic dimension, proposing an alternative for the logical-rational understanding of the organizational context.

From Searching for Cultural Integrity to Symbolism of Temple Building and the Organic Picture of Reality

The article is focused mainly on aesthetic-philosophical constants of the work of art of Julius Zeyer. The author of the article tries to point out that Zeyer´s conception of art is tightly connected with artistic conceptions of the rising literary symbolistic generation: His aesthetic-philosophical system contains strong protest against rationalism, realism and naturalism in contemporary literature and underlines the way to subconscious roots of human existence; it turns away from rational understanding of the world and the mystical intuition of inner and organic life in modern literature. In the article the motifs of temple building and motifs of creating the organic picture of the world in Zeyer´s work of art are analysed. The article also contains main references to Zeyer´s work of art published by reputable names of the Czech and European literary criticism.

Connotation and Realization Path of Labour Education in Universities - Based on the Perspective of Chinese Universities

Labour education has been weakened and alienated in higher education. Repositioning labour education is an important part of the deepening reform of colleges and universities as well as the focus of improving the higher education system. Practicing labour education can enhance college students’ labour awareness, improve labour skills and enable college students to obtain a rational understanding of ‘knowledge’ from the practice of ‘action’. This is an important way to realize holistic education. This article puts forward the connotation of ‘labour’ under the background of the new era and updates the traditional cognition of ‘labour’. It proposes effective ways for colleges and universities to realize labour education according to the background of the era and the labour demand of employers; so as to break the shortcomings of labour education in colleges and universities as well as improve the quality of whole-person education to better meet the needs of the job market.

Analytical and numerical methods for prediction of the bearing capacity of shallow foundations in unsaturated soils

Bearing capacity of saturated soils can be estimated using effective or total stress approaches extending the concepts proposed by Terzaghi (1943) and Skempton (1948), respectively. Recent studies have shown that similar approaches (i.e., Modified Effective Stress Approach, MESA and Modified Total Stress Approach, MTSA) can be used for interpretation and prediction of the bearing capacity of unsaturated soils by considering the influence of matric suction. However, comprehensive discussion for the application of the MESA and the MTSA in geotechnical engineering practice applications is lacking in the literature. For this reason, in this state-of-the-art paper, the background associated with the MESA and MTSA is first introduced. The analytical and numerical methods available for the prediction of the bearing capacity of unsaturated soils from the literature are revisited. The various available methods are explained by categorizing them into two groups: MESA and MTSA along with their applications using examples. The focus of this state-of-the-art paper is directed towards not only for providing tools for rational understanding but also for better prediction of the bearing capacity of unsaturated soils for extending them in geotechnical engineering practice applications.

An Insight into Chemistry and Structure of Colloidal 2D-WS2 Nanoflakes: Combined XPS and XRD Study

The surface and structural characterization techniques of three atom-thick bi-dimensional 2D-WS2 colloidal nanocrystals cross the limit of bulk investigation, offering the possibility of simultaneous phase identification, structural-to-morphological evaluation, and surface chemical description. In the present study, we report a rational understanding based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and structural inspection of two kinds of dimensionally controllable 2D-WS2 colloidal nanoflakes (NFLs) generated with a surfactant assisted non-hydrolytic route. The qualitative and quantitative determination of 1T’ and 2H phases based on W 4f XPS signal components, together with the presence of two kinds of sulfur ions, S22− and S2−, based on S 2p signal and related to the formation of WS2 and WOxSy in a mixed oxygen-sulfur environment, are carefully reported and discussed for both nanocrystals breeds. The XPS results are used as an input for detailed X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis allowing for a clear discrimination of NFLs crystal habit, and an estimation of the exact number of atomic monolayers composing the 2D-WS2 nanocrystalline samples.

Applications of Advanced Analysis Technologies in Precise Governance of Social Media Rumors

Social media rumor precise governance is conducive to better coping with the difficulties of rumor monitoring within massive information and improving rumor governance effectiveness. This paper proposes a conceptual framework of social media rumor precise governance system based on literature mining. Accordingly, insightful directions for achieving social media rumor precise governance are introduced, which includes (1) rational understanding of social media rumors, especially large-scale spreading false rumors and recurring false rumors; (2) clear classification of rumor spreaders/believers/refuters/unbelievers; (3) scientific evaluation of rumor governance effectiveness and capabilities. For the above three directions, advanced analysis technologies applications are then summarized. This paper is beneficial to clarify and promote the promising thought of social media rumor precise governance and create impacts on the technologies’ applications in this area.

Gender Equality in Islamic Religious Education

This research is remarkable to conduct research dealing with its impact on the senior high school students’ achievement. The design of the research was a phenomenological qualitative approach. It was applied by using purposive sampling in Kudus Regency. The findings showed that (1) Islamic Religious Education placed men and women equally in the teaching and learning process. However, the difference in learning material is based on the essence of the source of Islamic law of Al-Quran and Hadith; (2) There are several learning models applied, directed free learning strategies which stimulate students for behaving and acting according to normative-rational and religious considerations and resulting in learning changes in thinking, behaving and acting according to individual ratio considerations; (3) The impact of the Islamic Religious Education learning model on understanding gender equality is that the presence of a normative-religious, normative-rational understanding, as well as a rational understanding of gender issues. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesetaraan gender terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di Kabupaten Kudus (berdasarkan purposive sampling) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologis. Dari hasil analisis data penelitian ditemukan, pertama: Pembelajaran PAI dilaksanakan dengan tanpa membedakan gender peserta didik. Perbedaan materi pembelajaran didasarkan pada esensi sumber hukum Islam al-Quran dan Hadits. Kedua, terdapat beberapa model pembelajaran yang diterapkan, yaitu dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran bebas terarah yang merangsang siswa untuk berperilaku dan bertindak sesuai pertimbangan normatif-rasional dan religius sehingga mengakibatkan perubahan sikap peserta didik dalam berpikir, berperilaku dan bertindak sesuai dengan pertimbangan rasio individu. Ketiga, ada beberapa dampak model pembelajaran PAI terhadap pemahaman kesetaraan gender, di antaranya: model pertama, peserta didik memiliki pemahaman secara normatif-religius; model kedua, peserta didik memiliki pemahaman tentang gender secara normatif-rasional; dan model pembelajaran ketiga, peserta didik memiliki pemahaman permasalahan gender secara rasional.

Natural Phytochemicals Derived from Gymnosperms in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers

The incidence of various types of cancer is increasing globally. To reduce the critical side effects of cancer chemotherapy, naturally derived compounds have been considered for cancer treatment. Gymnosperms are a group of plants found worldwide that have traditionally been used for therapeutic applications. Paclitaxel is a commercially available anticancer drug derived from gymnosperms. Other natural compounds with anticancer activities, such as pinostrobin and pinocembrin, are extracted from pine heartwood, and pycnogenol and enzogenol from pine bark. Gymnosperms have great potential for further study for the discovery of new anticancer compounds. This review aims to provide a rational understanding and the latest developments in potential anticancer compounds derived from gymnosperms.