Correlates of Asian American emerging adults’ perceived parent-child cultural orientations: Testing a bilinear and bidimensional model.

Stepfamilies are one of the fastest growing family structures among all racial groups in the United States. Stepfamily research among many racial groups, specifically American Indians, is virtually nonexistent. This is unfortunate, as American Indians are more likely to divorce and remarry compared with other populations. From a family systems perspective, this study examined whether retrospectively perceived closeness in three stepfamily relationships, namely child–residential biological parent, child–residential stepparent, and child–stepsibling, were negatively associated with depression scores in 226 American Indian emerging adults. A structural equation model showed that increased child–residential biological parent and child–stepsibling closeness predicted decreased depression scores, whereas child–residential stepparent closeness did not. We also found that depression scores significantly predicted retrospective perceptions of child–residential biological parent, child–residential stepparent, and child–stepsibling closeness. Findings encourage interventions that strengthen American Indian child–residential biological parent and child–stepsibling relationships, and underscore the need for further research that explores American Indian stepfamily relationships.

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Parent–Child Relationship Satisfaction: The Influence of Family Communication Orientations and Relational Maintenance Behaviors

The Family Journal ◽

10.1177/1066480719896561 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 83-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lindsey S. Aloia

Keyword(s):

Relationship Satisfaction ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Family Communication ◽

Relational Maintenance ◽

Parent Child Relationship ◽

Maintenance Behaviors ◽

Relational Maintenance Behaviors ◽

Parent Child Relationships ◽

Parent Child ◽

Conversation Orientation

This study examined emerging adults’ satisfaction with parent–child relationships as a function of family communication orientations and relational maintenance behaviors. Two hundred and eleven emerging adults completed measures assessing family communication orientations (conversation and conformity), relational maintenance behaviors (shared tasks, shared networks, positivity, openness, and assurances), and satisfaction with parent–child relationships. Results demonstrated that family conversation orientation and relational maintenance behaviors were positively associated with relationship satisfaction; family conformity orientation was not related to relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, findings indicated support for a model in which positivity and openness mediated the association between family conversation orientation and children’s satisfaction with parent–child relationships.

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Are Mothers’ and Fathers’ Parenting Characteristics Associated With Emerging Adults’ Academic Engagement?

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x16637101 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1239-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Emily A. Waterman ◽

Eva S. Lefkowitz

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Relationship Quality ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Asian American ◽

Academic Engagement ◽

Black African ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

Academic Attitudes ◽

Latino American ◽

Parenting Characteristics

Although parenting is clearly linked to academic engagement in adolescence, less is known about links between parenting and academic engagement in emerging adulthood. A diverse sample of college students ( N = 633; 53.1% female, 45.7% White/European American, 28.3% Asian American/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 26.4% Hispanic/Latino American, 21.6% Black/African American, and 2.8% Native American/American Indian) answered surveys about mothers’ and fathers’ parenting style, parent–offspring relationship quality, academic attitudes, academic behaviors, and academic performance. Emerging adults with more permissive mothers viewed grades as less important than emerging adults with less permissive mothers. Mothers’ authoritarian parenting, mothers’ permissive parenting, and relationship quality with father were differentially related to academic engagement depending on emerging adults’ gender. Both mothers’ and fathers’ parenting characteristics may affect the academic engagement of emerging adults via past parenting behaviors and current quality of the parent–offspring relationship, despite decreased physical proximity of emerging adults and their parents.

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“I Kind of Have a Goal When I Do It”: The Phenomenology of Cultural Variability in Southeast Asian American Tricultural Emerging Adults

Emerging Adulthood ◽

10.1177/2167696819860392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 382-396

Author(s):

Jacqueline Nguyen ◽

Gail M. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adults ◽

Asian American ◽

Hip Hop ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

Cultural Identities ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Negotiation Strategy ◽

White American ◽

Group Members ◽

Southeast Asian American

Cultural variability (CV) is a dynamic identity process by which individuals play up and play down their cultural identities from day to day. This study examines the phenomenology of CV in a unique group of tricultural Southeast Asian American (SEAA) emerging adults who identify with Asian American, White American, and hip hop cultures to understand how it is experienced, the reasons for its use, the extent to which it is conscious/agentic, and how three cultural identities are managed simultaneously. Interpretive phenomenological analyses reveal that CV was used consciously and involved making behavioral and cognitive changes to fit in with out-group members, educate others about SEAA culture, and to distance themselves from in-group members. Importantly, the centrality of SEAA identity most often remained stable despite playing up/down identities. Overall, findings suggest that CV is an essential identity negotiation strategy for tricultural emerging adults that is complementary to alternation/code-switching.

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Ethnic differences in suicidal ideation and its correlates among South Asian American emerging adults.

Asian American Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1037/aap0000039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 120-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert Lane ◽

Soumia Cheref ◽

Regina Miranda

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

South Asian ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Asian American ◽

South Asian American

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Emerging adults’ family relationships in the 21st century: A systematic review

10.31124/advance.7608989.v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Oliveira ◽

Gabriela Fonseca ◽

Luciana Sotero ◽

Carla Crespo ◽

Ana Paula Relvas

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

Parent Child Relationship ◽

Parent Child

<p>The current study aims to describe the relationships between emerging adults and their families and how these evolve over emerging adult years. Through a systematic review of the literature, we extracted data from 38 empirical studies, which met the following inclusion criteria: published since 2000, included emerging adults and/or their relatives as participants, and focused on family relationships. The results showed that most studies examined the parent-child relationship, providing insight into the relational renegotiations occurring during emerging adulthood and into inter-generational discrepancies in the way that parents and children viewed their relationships. Family support was also found to be of substantial relevance during this developmental stage. In addition, sex, age, living arrangements, family structure, socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity and cultural contexts emerged as key factors influencing family relationships in varied ways. Implications for future research include the need to consider the family as the unit of analysis and to collect data from multiple family members; to conduct longitudinal studies in order to better understand changes in family relationships across emerging adulthood; and to focus on family relationships beyond the parent-child dyads, namely on sibling and grandparent-grandchildren relationships. In conclusion, this review provided a renewed perspective on family relationships during the transition to adulthood, contributing to clinical insights on individual and familial shifts in the fast-paced and complex contemporary context. </p>

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Acculturation and Alcohol Use Outcomes: Incremental Roles of Bicultural Orientations among Asian American Undergraduate and Graduate Students

10.31234/osf.io/sg24e ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Savannah Pham ◽

P. Priscilla Lui

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Asian American ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Stress Theory ◽

Student Drinking ◽

Cultural Orientations ◽

And Gender

Objectives: There has been a steep increase in alcohol involvement and alcohol use disorder among Asian Americans in recent decades. Cultural orientations have been shown to be robust correlates of alcohol use. Yet, the literature is limited in illuminating within-group differences in the complex relations among acculturation, enculturation, bicultural orientations, and alcohol use. Most alcohol research has focused on undergraduate students; little is known about the roles of cultural orientations in graduate student drinking outcomes. Methods: Asian American undergraduate (N = 357, 60.1% women, Mage = 20.32) and graduate students (N = 230, 30.4% women, Mage = 24.76) completed survey questionnaires assessing their levels of acculturation and enculturation, and alcohol consumption and drinking-related consequences. Results: Accounting for acculturation, enculturation was not associated with alcohol use abltoutcomes. Acculturation was positively associated with alcohol consumption among undergraduates, and was negatively associated with various alcohol use outcomes among graduate students. Bicultural orientations indicated by acculturation x enculturation predicted alcohol use above and beyond acculturation and enculturation alone, and gender moderated these relations. Among undergraduates, women who scored lower on acculturation and enculturation reported more personal drinking-related consequences. Among graduate students, men who scored lower on enculturation reported more social drinking-related consequences, whereas women who scored higher on acculturation and enculturation reported lower levels of social consequences. Conclusion: These results can be interpreted in the contexts of social norms and stress theory, and highlight the possible protective roles of ethnic society immersion in alcohol misuse.

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Impulse Control Moderates the Link Between Parent–Child Cultural Orientation Gaps and Externalizing Problems in Chinese Immigrant Early Adolescents

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x19859611 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (17) ◽

pp. 2605-2627

Author(s):

Diana Miconi ◽

Ughetta Moscardino ◽

Gianmarco Altoè

Keyword(s):

Impulse Control ◽

Externalizing Problems ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Cultural Orientation ◽

Chinese Immigrant ◽

Cultural Orientations ◽

First And Second Generation ◽

Mainstream Culture ◽

Parent Child

The current study aimed to investigate whether the expected association between parent–child cultural orientation gaps and externalizing problems was moderated by impulse control (IC) among Chinese early adolescents in immigrant families. Ninety-one first- and second-generation Chinese immigrant youths (58% girls) aged between 11 and 13 years and their parents completed independent measures of mainstream and heritage cultural orientations. IC was evaluated via a computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task, while externalizing problems were assessed via parental report. Regression analyses indicated that low levels of IC represented a risk factor for externalizing adjustment among early adolescents who were less oriented toward the mainstream culture than their parents. In addition, high levels of IC were protective for early adolescents who were less oriented toward their heritage culture than their parents. The findings suggest that IC plays an important role in Chinese early adolescents’ behavioral adjustment. Implications of the results are discussed.

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