Supplemental Material for Patterns of Pregnancy and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Latent Class Trajectories and Predictors

Background: Relationships among moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body satisfaction, and postpartum depressive symptoms are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to examine the (1) impact of postpartum body satisfaction and changes in MVPA on postpartum depressive symptoms and (2) moderating effect of changes in MVPA over time on the relationship between postpartum body satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Methods: Participants (N = 269) self-reported body satisfaction, MVPA (prepregnancy through postpartum), and postpartum depressive symptoms. Differences in MVPA at 3 time points (prepregnancy, third trimester, and postpartum) were calculated to create change scores. Main effects and interactions (body satisfaction × MVPA change) were examined using multiple regression. Results: A majority of the sample did not meet MVPA recommendations at all time points. All body satisfaction measures were inversely related to postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .01 to <.001). MVPA change did not predict postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .43–.90) or moderate the relationship between body satisfaction and postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .14–.94). Conclusions: Given the relationship between postpartum body satisfaction and depressive symptoms, intervention research should include strategies that promote positive postpartum body image; clinicians should consider screening for body dissatisfaction. Although not a predictor or moderator, pregnancy and postpartum MVPA promotion should continue, as it has numerous other benefits.

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Oxytocin course over pregnancy and postpartum period and the association with postpartum depressive symptoms

Archives of Women s Mental Health ◽

10.1007/s00737-016-0644-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 571-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Andrea Jobst ◽

Daniela Krause ◽

Carina Maiwald ◽

Kristin Härtl ◽

Aye-Mu Myint ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum

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Social capital in pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms: A prospective mother–child cohort study (the Rhea study)

International Journal of Nursing Studies ◽

10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.08.012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 63-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

George Kritsotakis ◽

Maria Vassilaki ◽

Vasiliki Melaki ◽

Vaggelis Georgiou ◽

Anastassios E. Philalithis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

In Pregnancy

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O1B.3 Hyperactivity disorder in children was related to maternal employment status during pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oem-2019-epi.14 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A5.2-A5

Author(s):

Ping Shih ◽

Ching-Chun Huang ◽

Tung-liang Chiang ◽

Pau-Chung Chen ◽

Yue-Liang Leon Guo

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Job Stress ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Employment Status ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum

BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders globally. Although some investigations implied a relationship between ADHD and maternal psychosocial stress exposure during pregnancy, little is known about the effects of maternal occupational exposure and even postpartum mental health. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal employment status during pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms are related to offspring hyperactivity, one of the key early symptoms of children ADHD.MethodsTaiwan Birth Cohort Study recruited representative mother-infant pairs, as a result of approximately 12% of all deliveries in 2005 using multistage stratified sampling. Employment status with or without job stress during pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms were inquired when the child was six months of age by face-to-face interview. Ever having hyperactivity syndrome as evaluated by physicians, psychologists, or special educators was inquired when the child was eight years of age. Factors of hyperactivity, including maternal employment, job stress, and postpartum depression were studied by adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using logistic regression, adjusting for gender, urban/rural residence, birth season and household income.Results18 215 mother-infant pairs were included in the final analysis, where 421 (2.3%) of children had been diagnosed as having hyperactivity before 8 years of age. Comparing to mothers employed and without job stress during pregnancy, the aOR (95% CI) of child hyperactivity was 1.47 (95%CI: 1.12, 1.94) for mothers with job stress and 1.43 (95%CI: 1.12, 1.84) for mothers with no employment during pregnancy, respectively. Besides, children were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.73) times more likely to receive an ADHD diagnosis if their mother experienced postpartum depressive symptoms.ConclusionsIn this prospective birth cohort study, mothers’ employment status, job stress during pregnancy, and postpartum depressive symptoms were risk factors for the occurrence of hyperactivity in their children.

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Factors Associated with Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Community of Central Nepal

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2020/8305304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Pratima Dawadi ◽

Aarati Sharma Bhatta ◽

Jayalaxmi Shakya

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Semistructured Interview ◽

Female Population ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum

Background. Pregnancy and postpartum are considered as high risk periods for the emergence of psychiatric disorder. Although postpartum depressive symptoms have been associated with tragic outcome, such as maternal suicide and infanticide, it is a neglected area of mental health care in developing countries. This study was conducted to find the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. Method. A community-based cross-sectional research design was carried out after selecting the three wards of Bharatpur submetropolitan by nonprobability purposive sampling method. A total of 160 mothers in their 1 month to 12 months of postpartum period were interviewed through semistructured interview schedule and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Collected data were entered in Epi, data 3.1, and was exported into IBM SPSS 20 version. Results. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among postpartum mothers was 27.5%. The multivariate analysis identified two factors significantly associated with postpartum depression including respondents who had education level of ≤10 class (odds ratio AOR=3.25, P=0.03, confidence interval CI=1.10−9.58), chronic disease in their family (odds ratio AOR=3.25, P=0.01, confidence interval CI=1.19−8.16). Conclusion. More than one out of four mothers is suffering from depressive symptoms. The major factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms are education of respondents and chronic disease in the family. Screening and timely management of depressive symptoms should be incorporated in routine maternal care so as to enhance maternal and child health. Likewise, concerned authority should plan and organize awareness-raising programs and provide attractive package to attract the female population for higher education.

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