Lost in search: (Mal-)adaptation to probabilistic decision environments in children and adults.

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilmann Betsch ◽  
Anne Lehmann ◽  
Stefanie Lindow ◽  
Anna Lang ◽  
Martin Schoemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Environments

Entity Modeling and Immersive Decision Environments

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
DeForest Joralmon ◽  
Lisa Park
Keyword(s):  
Decision Environments

scholarly journals The Evolution of China’s Sporting Diplomacy since 1949

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-283
Author(s):  
Yalun An ◽  
Xueshuang Wang ◽  
Fujun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Peaceful Development ◽  
Mega Sports Events ◽  
Decision Environments ◽  
Extensive Involvement ◽  
China’S Economy

The sporting diplomacy in China, as an integral part of China’s overall diplomacy, unswervingly upholds the fundamental foreign policy goal of preserving world peace and promoting common development since New China was founded. After adopting the policy of reform and opening, the sporting diplomacy in China has made historical achievements through intensive participation in international sporting competitions, extensive involvement in international sporting organizations, active hosting of mega sports events, and frequent engagement in cultural sporting exchanges with other countries. In the last decade, with a constant increase in China’s economy, cultural soft power and international influence of sports, China makes an all-round effort in the pursuit of major countrywide sporting diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Currently, despite the severe challenges outside China, Beijing is making smooth preparations for the 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, which embraces another milestone in the diplomacy of sport in China. This paper analyzes decision environments, goals, actions and defining features of China’s sporting diplomacy in different periods and follows on to summarize practical experiences in the development of the sporting diplomacy in China. The paper shows that the resounding success of China’s sporting diplomacy can be attributed to its commitment to serving the country’s diplomatic strategy and core interests, its commitment to following the Chinese path of sporting diplomacy, and its commitment to the traditional Chinese value of peaceful development. Finally, emerging issues and promotion strategies are presented.

Managing Data Quality in Dynamic Decision Environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Shankaranarayan ◽  
Mostafa Ziad ◽  
Richard Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Decision Environments

scholarly journals The Role of Passing Time in Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Evans ◽  
Guy Hawkins ◽  
Scott Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Decision Speed ◽  
Decision Environments ◽  
Threshold Amount ◽  
And Task ◽  
Response Deadlines

Theories of perceptual decision-making have been dominated by the idea that evidence accumulates in favor of different alternatives until some fixed threshold amount is reached, which triggers a decision. Recent theories have suggested that these thresholds may not be fixed during each decision, but change as time passes. These collapsing thresholds can improve performance in particular decision environments, but reviews of data from typical decision-making paradigms have failed to support collapsing thresholds. We designed three experiments to test collapsing threshold assumptions in decision environments specifically tailored to make them optimal. An emphasis on decision speed encouraged the adoption of collapsing thresholds – most strongly through the use of response deadlines, but also through instruction to a lesser extent – but setting an explicit goal of reward rate optimality through both instructions and task design did not. Our results provide a new explanation for previous findings regarding decision-making differences between humans and non-human primates.

scholarly journals Your community gets a B-: analysis of the specific and curious realm of airport bond rating

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Richard W Hawkins ◽  
Stephen A LeMay ◽  
Peter M Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Bond Rating ◽  
Rating Process ◽  
Information Framing ◽  
Decision Environments

Commercial airports are publicly-owned transportation infrastructure, usually funded with bonds. The bond rating decision for these entities thus has important ramifications for bond investors, issuers, airport managers, and even the communities the airports serve, but the rating decision process is not well understood. This paper discusses a simulation of the rating process in two decision environments, including a downgrade. The effect of information framing in an environment of incomplete data is examined using amateur evaluators. Amateur evaluators were utilized to understand how people with limited financial analysis skills would respond when presented with incomplete information and a primed scenario. The results indicate that amateur evaluators were more likely to downgrade a bond grade than a ratings agency, but this effect was moderated for amateur evaluators with more work experience. Implications for airport and supply chain infrastructure are discussed.

scholarly journals Memory patterns for choice adaptation in dynamic environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Konstantinidis ◽  
Jason L. Harman ◽  
Cleotilde Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Individual Memory ◽  
Learning And Adaptation ◽  
Decision Environments ◽  
Optimal Adaptation ◽  
Over Time

An important aspect of making good decisions is the ability to adapt to changes in the values of available options. Research suggests that we are poor at changing behavior and adapting our choices successfully. This work contributes to clarifying the role of memory on learning and successful adaptation to changing decision environments. We test the effects of the direction of change and the type of feedback using a decisions from experience binary choice task, where individuals learn the outcomes and their associated probabilities from feedback received after selecting between available choice options. The results revealed a robust effect of the direction of change: risk that becomes more rewarding over time is harder to detect than risk that becomes less rewarding over time; and even with full information about the outcomes of choice options people showed sub-optimal adaptation to change. We rely on three distinct computational models to interpret the role of memory on learning and adaptation. The distributions of individual model parameters were analyzed in relation to participants' ability to successfully adapt to the changing conditions of the various decision environments. Consistent across the three models and two distinct data sets (our experimental data and other researchers' data), results revealed the value of recency as an individual memory component for choice adaptation. Individuals relying more on recent experiences were more successful at adapting to change, regardless of the direction of change. We explain the value and limitations of these findings as well as opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals Social Dilemmas in Environmental Economics and Policy Considerations: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-173
Author(s):  
Nicola Cerutti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Environmental Economics And Policy ◽  
Decision Environments

Many crucial environmental issues lead to social dilemmas, in which the personally optimal solution, and the socially optimal solution diverge. Finding a solution to this dilemma is extremely important to allow a good and sustainable management of many exhaustible natural resources. This is especially true when the resource users need to develop collectively a set of rules or practices, and the institutions are unable to provide, or enforce, effective regulations. A few examples are forests, and fisheries, but also carbon emissions. This review presents a selected number of results coming from field observations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical work, which pinpoint some of the more crucial aspects of these decision environments. Knowing which incentives and situational aspects may motivate resource users to adopt a more or less cooperative behavior can potentially be of pivotal importance to develop effective policies and regulations. At the same time, the research we present is also of great interestfor any diagnostic or explorative study that aims to study direct resource users, and their development of cooperative attitudes and practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document