So happy (and sad) together: Contagious emotional displays and descriptive emotion norms impact the maintenance of affect

AbstractThe false attribution of autonomy and related concepts to artificial agents that lack the attributed levels of the respective characteristic is problematic in many ways. In this article, we contrast this view with a positive viewpoint that emphasizes the potential role of such false attributions in the context of robotic language acquisition. By adding emotional displays and congruent body behaviors to a child-like humanoid robot’s behavioral repertoire, we were able to bring naïve human tutors to engage in so called intent interpretations. In developmental psychology, intent interpretations can be hypothesized to play a central role in the acquisition of emotion, volition, and similar autonomy-related words. The aforementioned experiments originally targeted the acquisition of linguistic negation. However, participants produced other affect- and motivation-related words with high frequencies too and, as a consequence, these entered the robot’s active vocabulary. We will analyze participants’ non-negative emotional and volitional speech and contrast it with participants’ speech in a non-affective baseline scenario. Implications of these findings for robotic language acquisition in particular and artificial intelligence and robotics more generally will also be discussed.

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Employee emotional displays in the extended service encounter

Journal of Service Management ◽

10.1108/josm-06-2019-0208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 115-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Magnus Soderlund ◽

Hanna Berg

Keyword(s):

Marketing Communications ◽

Emotional Expressions ◽

Service Firms ◽

Still Images ◽

Content Type ◽

Emotional Displays ◽

Service Setting ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of happiness expressed by service firm employees when they are depicted in marketing communications materials, such as printed ads and videos. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted in a fitness service setting, in which employee display of happiness was manipulated (low vs high). Findings Both experiments showed that expressions of high levels of happiness produced a more positive attitude toward the service employee than expressions of low levels of happiness. Moreover, the impact of the expression of happiness on the evaluation of the employee was mediated by several variables, which suggests that the influence of depicted employees’ emotional expressions can take several routes. Practical implications The results imply that service firms should not only be mindful about which specific employee they select for appearing in marketing communications materials, they should also pay attention to the emotional displays of selected employees. Originality/value The present study contributes to previous research by assessing a set of potential mediators to explain why displays of happiness influence consumers, and by examining these effects in a marketing communications setting in which the customer is exposed to still images or video-based representations of the employee. The present study also focuses explicitly on happiness rather than on smiles.

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Convergent and divergent responses to emotional displays of ingroup and outgroup.

Emotion ◽

10.1037/a0022582 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 286-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Job van der Schalk ◽

Agneta Fischer ◽

Bertjan Doosje ◽

Daniël Wigboldus ◽

Skyler Hawk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotional Displays

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Older adults' decoding of emotions: age-related differences in interpreting dynamic emotional displays and the well-preserved ability to recognize happiness

Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1111/psyg.12016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 139-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Despina Moraitou ◽

Georgia Papantoniou ◽

Theofilos Gkinopoulos ◽

Magdalini Nigritinou

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Emotional Displays ◽

Age Related

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The Infant's Response to Entrapment between Contradictory Messages in Face-to-Face Interaction

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.62.3.403 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 403-403

Author(s):

Edward Tronick ◽

Heidelise Als ◽

Lauren Adamson ◽

Susan Wise ◽

T. Berry Brazelton

Keyword(s):

Face To Face ◽

Emotional Displays

The normal feedback infants receive from their mothers in face-to-face interaction was distorted by having the mothers face their infants but remain facially unresponsive. The infants studied reacted with intense wariness and eventual withdrawal, demonstrating the importance of interactional reciprocity and the ability of infants to regulate their emotional displays.

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Deconstructing Judicial Expressions of Disgust

Oñati Socio-legal Series ◽

10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9(5)) ◽

pp. 636-658

Author(s):

Heather Conway ◽

John Stannard

Keyword(s):

Emotional Displays ◽

Moral Disgust ◽

Emotional Resonance ◽

Core Disgust

Though much has been written about judicial anger and other emotional displays from the judicial bench, comparatively little attention has been paid to disgust. This particular emotion does not seem to be expressed or reflected by judges as much as other negative sentiments or feelings; “disgust” also has an emotional resonance that we might not associate with things like anger and sadness, and exists in more than one form. Focusing on a sample of cases in which judges have used the term, the article questions what type of disgust is being shown (“core” disgust or “socio-moral” disgust), whether the emotion is experienced or articulated, and what the significance is of using the word “disgust” in the judicial narrative. Si bien mucho se ha escrito sobre la ira judicial y otras manifestaciones de emoción por parte de la judicatura, se ha prestado relativamente poca atención a la repugnancia. Parece que los jueces no suelen expresar o reflejar dicha emoción tan a menudo como otros sentimientos negativos; la “repugnancia” también tiene un eco emocional que, posiblemente, no relacionamos con la ira y la tristeza, y existe en varias formas. Centrándonos en una muestra de casos en los que los jueces han utilizado el término, en el artículo cuestionamos qué tipo de repugnancia se está mostrando (repugnancia “básica” o repugnancia “socio-moral”), si la emoción está siendo experimentada o articulada, y cuál es el significado del uso de la palabra “repugnancia” en la narrativa judicial.

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Seven- to 11-Year-Olds’ Developing Ability to Recognize Natural Facial Expressions of Basic Emotions

Perception ◽

10.1177/0301006617709674 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1077-1089 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kathleen Kang ◽

Laura Anthoney ◽

Peter Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Real Life ◽

New Technique ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Basic Emotions ◽

Emotional Displays ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Emotional Display ◽

A New Technique

Being able to recognize facial expressions of basic emotions is of great importance to social development. However, we still know surprisingly little about children’s developing ability to interpret emotions that are expressed dynamically, naturally, and subtly, despite real-life expressions having such appearance in the vast majority of cases. The current research employs a new technique of capturing dynamic, subtly expressed natural emotional displays (happy, sad, angry, shocked, and disgusted). Children aged 7, 9, and 11 years (and adults) were systematically able to discriminate each emotional display from alternatives in a five-way choice. Children were most accurate in identifying the expression of happiness and were also relatively accurate in identifying the expression of sadness; they were far less accurate than adults in identifying shocked and disgusted. Children who performed well academically also tended to be the most accurate in recognizing expressions, and this relationship maintained independently of chronological age. Generally, the findings testify to a well-developed ability to recognize very subtle naturally occurring expressions of emotions.

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