Action-State Orientation at the Team Level of Analysis

The author claims that J. Kornai in his paper Innovation and Dynamism (Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2012. No 4) ignored the understanding of socialism as a specific type of culture and not just as an economic system. He also shows profound differences between Schumpeters theory and mainstream economic models. Evolutionary theory, he claims, may itself become mainstream if Schumpeters legacy is not interpreted straightforwardly and if evolutionary economists consider not only micro-, but also macro-level of analysis in studying macrogenerations of capital of a different age.

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The influence of intention implementation on throw effectiveness of young basketball players

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity ◽

10.2478/bjha-2014-0029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dominika Wilczynska ◽

Patrycja Lipinska ◽

Malgorzata Wolujewicz-Czerlonko

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Test Results ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Physical Effort ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mental Preparation ◽

Physiological Cost ◽

State Orientation ◽

Efficiency Test ◽

Visualization Techniques

AbstractBackground: The purpose of the following research was to find out the influence of imaginary training based on intention implementation on throw effectiveness of young basketball players, both male and female in stressogenic situations. Individual differences (action vs state orientation) between players were also measured in this research.Material/Methods: 76 players (32 females and 44 males) in the cadet category (15-16 years old) from basketball clubs of Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot took part in this research. In the first stage all players did a throw efficiency test ERPE 05 under two conditions, and their heart rate was measured. Then players were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first one did imaginary training based on the influence of intention implementation for 10 days, while the other did not. After 10 days ERPE 05 test under two conditions was run again.Results: Test results showed that intention implementation does not influence effectiveness improvement in stressogenic conditions as far as state-oriented players are concerned, but it does lower the physiological cost of physical effort in form of a decreased heart rate.Conclusions: This research proves that visualization training based on implementation instructions does influence young players’ physiology and significantly lowers their heart rate under stressogenic conditions. However useful, visualization techniques used in this research still need other tests and should be applied for a longer period of time to acutely show how they affect young players’ mental preparation

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How to Pace More Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia by the Vehicle of Developmental State Orientation?

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3662571 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Habtamu Atilaw ◽

Yayew Genet

Keyword(s):

Poverty Reduction ◽

Developmental State ◽

State Orientation

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The Innovators

10.1093/oso/9780199324385.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara J. Risman

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Macro Level ◽

Gender Expectations ◽

Personal Lives ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Individual ◽

Gendered Expectations ◽

Level Of Analysis

This chapter introduces the innovators and provides a portrait of them. The chapter analyzes these innovators at the individual, interactional, and macro level of the gender structure. The chapter begins at the individual level of analysis because these young people emphasize how they challenge gender by rejecting requirements to restrict their personal activities, goals, and personalities to femininity or masculinity. They refuse to live within gender stereotypes. These Millennials do not seem driven by their feminist ideological beliefs, although they do have them. Their worldviews are more taken for granted than central to their stories. Nor are they consistently challenging gender expectations for others, although they often ignore the gender expectations they face themselves. They innovate primarily in their personal lives, although they do reject gendered expectations at the interactional level and hold feminist ideological beliefs about gender equality.

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The Middle East and Peaceful Change

The Oxford Handbook of Peaceful Change in International Relations ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190097356.013.42 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arie M. Kacowicz ◽

Galia Press-Barnathan

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Domestic Politics ◽

War Zone ◽

Arab League ◽

Arab Israeli Conflict ◽

Kurdish Question ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

The Impact ◽

Level Of Analysis

The Middle East is often considered a war zone, and it rarely comes to mind as a region that includes cases of peaceful change. Yet several examples of peaceful change can be identified at different levels of analysis: international, regional, interactive, and domestic. This chapter first critically examines the impact of the broader global/systemic level of analysis on the prospects for peaceful change. It then moves to examine the regional level of analysis, exploring the Kurdish question and the Arab-Israeli conflict as a central axis of change, the role of the Arab League, and the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The chapter then examines the interactive, bilateral level of analysis, exploring peaceful territorial change in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict, with reference to the successful Israeli-Egyptian negotiations of 1977–1979 and the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace process since 1993. Next, it explores the domestic level of analysis, focusing on domestic politics, the nature of ruling coalitions, and the implications of the domestic turmoil of the Arab Spring. The last section draws conclusions from each level of analysis, with implications about the prospects for peaceful change in the region.

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