Women's Anger in the Workplace: Intersecting Race and Gender Stereotypes

Two studies examined the relationship between explicit stereotyping and prejudice by investigating how stereotyping of minority men and women may be differentially related to prejudice. Based on research and theory related to the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008), we hypothesized that stereotyping of minority men would be more strongly related to prejudice than stereotyping of minority women. Supporting our hypothesis, in both the United Kingdom (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2), when stereotyping of Black men and women were entered into the same regression model, only stereotyping of Black men predicted prejudice. Results were inconsistent in regard to South Asians and East Asians. Results are discussed in terms of the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008) and the gendered nature of the relationship between stereotyping and attitudes.

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Social Status as a Predictor of Race and Gender Stereotypes in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence

Social Development ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00376.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 150-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Stephanie J. Rowley ◽

Beth Kurtz-Costes ◽

Rashmita Mistry ◽

Laura Feagans

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender

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Intersectional Stereotyping in Political Decision Making

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.773 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erin C. Cassese

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Academic Disciplines ◽

Policy Outcomes ◽

Power Dynamics ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Gender ◽

Voter Decision Making

Intersectionality is an analytic framework used to study social and political inequality across a wide range of academic disciplines. This framework draws attention to the intersections between various social categories, including race, gender, sexuality, class, and (dis)ability. Scholarship in this area notes that groups at these intersections are often overlooked, and in overlooking them, we fail to see the ways that the power dynamics associated with these categories reinforce one another to create interlocking systems of advantage and disadvantage that extend to social, economic, and political institutions. Representational intersectionality is a specific application of intersectionality concerned with the role that widely shared depictions of groups in popular media and culture play in producing and reinforcing social hierarchy. These representations are the basis for widely held group stereotypes that influence public opinion and voter decision-making. Intersectional stereotypes are the set of stereotypes that occur at the nexus between multiple group categories. Rather than considering stereotypes associated with individual social groups in isolation (e.g., racial stereotypes vs. gender stereotypes), this perspective acknowledges that group-based characteristics must be considered conjointly as mutually constructing categories. What are typically considered “basic” categories, like race and gender, operate jointly in social perception to create distinct compound categories, with stereotype profiles that are not merely additive collections of overlapping stereotypes from each individual category, but rather a specific set of stereotypes that are unique to the compound social group. Intersectional stereotypes in political contexts including campaigns and policy debates have important implications for descriptive representation and material policy outcomes. In this respect, they engage with fundamental themes linked to political and structural inequality.

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Drawing Pictures: Race and Gender Stereotypes

Sociology Through Active Learning: Student Exercises ◽

10.4135/9781483329819.n29 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 163-168

Author(s):

Jacqueline C. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender

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Ideological Differences in Race and Gender Stereotyping

Social Cognition ◽

10.1521/soco.2021.39.2.259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 259-294

Author(s):

Chadly Stern ◽

Jordan Axt

Keyword(s):

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cognitive Factors ◽

Explanatory Role ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Epistemic Motivation ◽

Ideological Differences ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups

We investigated whether political ideology was associated with the endorsement of race and gender stereotypes, and examined motivational and cognitive factors that could account for any ideological differences. Across five preregistered studies, people who were more politically conservative more strongly supported the use of stereotypes to make social inferences based on race, and endorsed specific stereotypes about racial and gender groups. An internal meta-analysis indicated that a greater desire to uphold group-based hierarchy and lower epistemic motivation to deliberate explained, in part, why conservatives were more likely to endorse the use of stereotypes, while cognitive ability did not have a significant explanatory role. These findings suggest that characteristics of individuals not inherently linked to any particular social group can shape perceptions about whether stereotypes are valid, and highlight how basic psychological motivations lead liberals and conservatives to diverge in their perceptions of groups.

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A Woman’s Place: Women of Colour Navigating Doctoral Education in South Africa (pp. 15-35)

International Journal of Multicultural Education ◽

10.18251/ijme.v16i2.904 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Cyndy R. Snyder

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Doctoral Students ◽

South African ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Doctoral Education ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Font Size ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender

<span class="Abstract"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of women of colour in South African doctoral education programmes. Through qualitative interviews with African, Indian, and Coloured female doctoral students, this study illuminates the challenges women of colour doctoral students face in progressing through doctoral education in South Africa, and the supports they utilize to help them persist and complete doctoral degrees. Findings are organized around four themes: (1) challenging race and gender stereotypes and expectations; (2) balancing multiple roles; (3) managing financial concerns and access to resources; and (4) finding support and encouragement. This study holds implications for how institutions of higher education can help support female students of colour in navigating their programmes.</span></span>

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Passing Over: Setting the Record Straight in Uncle Tom's Cabin

PMLA ◽

10.1632/003081203x67983 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 118 (5) ◽

pp. 1290-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Borgstrom

Keyword(s):

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Social Difference ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Uncle Tom's Cabin ◽

Minority Identity ◽

Intersectional Analysis ◽

Normative Standards ◽

And Gender ◽

Minority Identities

This essay considers one of the most underexamined characters in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin: Augustine St. Clare's effeminate manservant, Adolph. I evaluate Adolph's critical elision to illustrate how the success of critiques centered on race and gender unintentionally permits other minority identities (and stereotypes) in the book to continue unremarked. While revisionist readings of Stowe's novel complicate racial and gender stereotypes, they nevertheless accept stable (even conventional) categories to describe minority identity. Such formulations foreclose the possibility of seeing other minority identities in the book that intertwine race and gender in ways different from normative standards. In examining Adolph's character, this essay considers how intersectional analysis reveals important representations of social difference—including differences not always acknowledged in present-day culture.

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