Changes in intellect with age: III. The relationship of heterogeneous brain damage to achievement in older people

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Berkowitz
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catur Hary Wibawa

Abstract This research aims to reveal 1. the condition of older people who lives in Plosokerep Shleter, 2. the psychological condition of older people in Plosokerep Shelter, 3. the social condition of older people in Plosokerep Shelter, 4. the relationship of physical condition experienced by older people with their functional disabilities in Plosokerep Shelter, 5. the relationship of psychological condition experienced by older people with their functional disabilities in Plosokerep Shleter, 6. to know the relatonship of social condition experienced by older people with their functional disabilities in Plosokerep Shelter. The research method used is explanatory-analytic correlational design, to examine the relationship of factors: Physical (X1 variable), Psychological (X2), and social (X3) with older people functional disabilities (Y variable) descriptive survey used explanatory-analytic correlational design. Data collection carried out through questionnaire. Research data analysis used descriptive statistic technique with Spearman test statistic. The result showed that: 1. some older people in Plosokerep shleter have high physical condition and the rest of them in the low physical condition category, 2. from the psychological condition some of older people are in high category, 3. Social condition experienced by older people who live in shelter are in high category, 4. The relationship of physical condition experienced by older people in the shelter with functional disabilities even though there is a correlation but not significant, 5. the relationship of psychological condition experienced by older people in shleter with functional disabilities even though there is a correlation but not significant, 6. the relationship of social condition experienced by older people in the shelter with functional disabilities even though there is a correlation but not significant, 7. the relationship of Physical, psychological and social condition together with functional disabilities even though there is a correlation but not significant.Keywords: physical, psychological, and social condition, functional disabilities, older people Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan: 1. Mengetahui kondisi fisik lanjut usia yang ada di shelter Plosokerep, 2. Mengetahui kondisi psikologis lanjut usia yang ada di shelter Plosokerep, 3. Mengetahui kondisi sosial lanjut usia yang ada di shelter Plosokerep, 4. Mengetahui hubungan kondisi fisik yang dialami lanjut usia dengan disabilitas fungsionalnya selama tinggal di shelter Plosokerep, 5. Mengetahui hubungan kondisi psikologis yang dialami lanjut usia dengan disabilitas fungsionalnya selama tinggal di shelter Plosokerep, 6. Mengetahui hubungan kondisi sosial yang dialami lanjut usia dengan disabilitas fungsionalnya selama tinggal di shelter Plosokerep.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah disain korelasional eksplanatori-analitis, yaitu untuk menguji hubungan antara faktor-faktor: fisik (variabel X1), psikologis (X2), dan sosial (X3) dengan disabilitas fungsional lanjut usia (variabel Y)survey deskriptif dengan menggunakan disain penelitian korelasional eksplanatori-analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan teknik Statistik deskriptif, dengan statistik uji Spearman.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1. Sebagian lanjut usia di shelter pengungsian Plosokerep memiliki kondisi fisik kategori tinggi, dan sebagian lagi berada dalam kondisi fisik kategori rendah, 2. Dilihat dari kondisi psikologis, sebagian besar lanjut usia berada dalam kategori tinggi, 3. Kondisi sosial yang dialami lanjut usia selama berada di shelter pengungsian, sebagian besar juga berada dalam kategori tinggi, 4. Hubungan kondisi fisik yang dialami lanjut usia selama berada di shelter pengungsian dengan disabilitas fungsional, meskipun terdapat korelasi tetapi tidak signifikan, 5. Hubungan kondisi psikologis yang dialami lanjut usia selama berada di shelter pengungsian dengan disabilitas fungsional, meskipun terdapat korelasi tetapi tidak signifikan, 6. Hubungan kondisi sosial yang dialami lanjut usia selama berada di shelter pengungsian dengan disabilitas fungsional, meskipun terdapat korelasi tetapi tidak signifikan, 7. Hubungan kondisi fisik, psikologis, dan sosial secara bersama-sama dengan disabilitas fungsional, meskipun terdapat korelasi tetapi tidak signifikan.Kata kunci:  disabilitas fungsional, kondisi fisik, psikologis, dan sosial, lanjut usia


2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa C van Bunderen ◽  
Mirjam M Oosterwerff ◽  
Natasja M van Schoor ◽  
Dorly J H Deeg ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
...  

ObjectiveHigh as well as low levels of IGF1 have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The relationship of IGF1 with (components of) the metabolic syndrome could help to clarify this controversy. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the association of IGF1 concentration with prevalent (components of) the metabolic syndrome; and ii) to examine the role of (components of) the metabolic syndrome in the relationship between IGF1 and incident CVD during 11 years of follow-up.MethodsData were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a cohort study in a representative sample of the Dutch older population (≥65 years). Data were available in 1258 subjects. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the definition of the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. CVD were ascertained by self-reports and mortality data.ResultsLevels of IGF1 in the fourth quintile were associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome compared with the lowest quintile (odds ratio: 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.33). The middle up to the highest quintile of IGF1 was positively associated with high triglycerides in women. Metabolic syndrome was not a mediator in the U-shaped relationship of IGF1 with CVD. Both subjects without the metabolic syndrome and low IGF1 levels (hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.12–2.71) and subjects with the metabolic syndrome and high IGF1 levels (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.21–4.28) demonstrated increased risks of CVD.ConclusionsIn older people, high-normal IGF1 levels are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome and high triglycerides. Furthermore, this study suggests the presence of different pathomechanisms for both low and high IGF1 levels and incident CVD.


1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorit Carmelli ◽  
Gary E. Swan ◽  
Lon R. Cardon

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Fang Chang ◽  
Hsiang-Chun Lin ◽  
Chih-Ling Cheng

Author(s):  
Minoru Innami ◽  
Masayo Okumura ◽  
Junichi Otogoto ◽  
Eiji Kondo ◽  
Norio Sogawa ◽  
...  

Introduction: The oral function with many teeth affects the health maintenance of the whole body and brain activation of the older people. This study investigates the relationship between cognitive and oral functions, and the effect of tongue and lip motor training on cognitive function. Methods: One hundred subjects (age > 65) were investigated Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), their number of present teeth, masticatory function, occlusal force, and oral diadochokinesis (ODK), and correlations between their MMSE scores and the other factors were discussed. Fifteen subjects (5 non-impairment group: NIG, 10 impairment group: IG) participated in tongue and lip motor training three times daily for 15 months. Their MMSE scores, masticatory function, occlusal force, and ODK times were measured every three months. Results: Their MMSE scores correlated with age, number of present teeth, masticatory function, and ODK. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that MMSE scores were strongly related to age and ODK. MMSE scores of IG were significantly higher after 15 months of pronunciation than before training and three months after training started. In both groups, ODK times after 15 months of training were significantly higher than before the training and three months training started. Their masticatory function and occlusal force in the IG showed no significant differences during the 15 months of training. Conclusions: The findings suggest that cognitive function may be related to oral function, especially pronunciation, and those 15 months of tongue and lip motor training is effective in improving cognitive and pronunciation functions.


1968 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Jacobs ◽  
Marnell L. Pierce

Studies dealing with the sociometry of handicapped children have not shown the presence of any single handicapping condition to be an absolute criterion for predicting rejection. Since brain damage is associated with many handicapping conditions, the relationship of brain damage associated characteristics and social acceptance in EMR classes was investigated. Those characteristics commonly associated with brain damage were found to be closely and cumulatively associated with rejection among the subjects studied. The most frequently found characteristics among the most often rejected subjects were short attention span, hyperkinesis, emotional lability, and impulsivity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Villiers-Tuthill ◽  
Antoinette Copley ◽  
Hannah McGee ◽  
Karen Morgan

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Hung Chang ◽  
Miao-Chuan Chen ◽  
Nai-Hui Chien ◽  
Tzu-Yung Lin ◽  
Yi-Ya Chang

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