Deep learning-based methods have achieved good performance in various recognition benchmarks mostly by utilizing single modalities. As different modalities contain complementary information to each other, multi-modal based methods are proposed to implicitly utilize them. In this paper, we propose a simple technique, called correspondence learning (CL), which explicitly learns the relationship among multiple modalities. The multiple modalities in the data samples are randomly mixed among different samples. If the modalities are from the same sample (not mixed), then they have positive correspondence, and vice versa. CL is an auxiliary task for the model to predict the correspondence among modalities. The model is expected to extract information from each modality to check correspondence and achieve better representations in multi-modal recognition tasks. In this work, we first validate the proposed method in various multi-modal benchmarks including CMU Multimodal Opinion-Level Sentiment Intensity (CMU-MOSI) and CMU Multimodal Opinion Sentiment and Emotion Intensity (CMU-MOSEI) sentiment analysis datasets. In addition, we propose a fraud detection method using the learned correspondence among modalities. To validate this additional usage, we collect a multi-modal dataset for fraud detection using real-world samples for reverse vending machines.
Sensitivity to Emotion Intensity and Recognition of Emotion Expression in Neurotypical Children
