Emotional Intensity Ratings and Personal Distance in American and Korean Subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-529
Author(s):  
Sydney Reisbick ◽  
Ton-Sook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Intensity Of Emotion ◽  
Different Levels

The evaluation that an event is significant to life or goals may be important as a source of intensity of emotion as well as of kind of emotion. One factor in significance may be the perceived personal distance of the person evaluating the event from the person involved in the event. A simple survey questionnaire included events intended to elicit five different emotions. The 62 American and 71 Korean subjects rated on a scale of 1 to 7 the intensity of emotion they would feel for each of four different levels of personal distance: self, sibling, friend, stranger. Significant differences were found for both personal distance and kind of emotion but not for culture. Interactions were found and the results discussed.

scholarly journals Vagal Tone Differences in Empathy Level Elicited by Different Emotions and a Co-Viewer

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3136
Author(s):  
Suhhee Yoo ◽  
Mincheol Whang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Different Levels

Empathy can bring different benefits depending on what kind of emotions people empathize with. For example, empathy with negative emotions can raise donations to charity while empathy with positive emotions can increase participation during remote education. However, few studies have focused on the physiological differences depending on what kind of emotions people empathize with. Furthermore, co-viewer can influence the elicitation of different levels of empathy, but this has been less discussed. Therefore, this study investigated vagal response differences according to each empathy factor level elicited by different emotions and co-viewer. Fifty-nine participants were asked to watch 4 videos and to evaluate subjective valence, arousal scores, and undertake an empathy questionnaire, which included cognitive, affective and identification empathy. Half of the participants watched the videos alone and the other half watched the videos with a co-viewer. Valence and arousal scores were categorized into three levels to figure out what kind of emotions they empathized with. Empathy level (high vs. low) was determined based on the self-report scores. Two-way MANOVA revealed an interaction effect of empathy level and emotions. High affective empathy level is associated with higher vagal response regardless of what kind of emotions they empathized with. However, vagal response differences in other empathy factor level showed a different pattern depending on what kind of emotions that participant empathized with. A high cognitive empathy level showed lower vagal responses when participants felt negative or positive valence. High identification level also showed increased cognitive burden when participants empathized with negative and neutral valence. The results implied that emotions and types of empathy should be considered when measuring empathic responses using vagal tone. Two-way MANOVA revealed empathic response differences between co-viewer condition and emotion. Participants with a co-viewer felt higher vagal responses and self-reporting empathy scores only when participants empathized with arousal. This implied that the effect of a co-viewer may impact on empathic responses only when participants felt higher emotional intensity.

scholarly journals Structured and Sparse Annotations for Image Emotion Distribution Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
Haitao Xiong ◽  
Hongfu Liu ◽  
Bineng Zhong ◽  
Yun Fu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
Sparse Regularization ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Image Emotion Analysis ◽  
Label Distribution ◽  
Different Levels

Label distribution learning methods effectively address the label ambiguity problem and have achieved great success in image emotion analysis. However, these methods ignore structured and sparse information naturally contained in the annotations of emotions. For example, emotions can be grouped and ordered due to their polarities and degrees. Meanwhile, emotions have the character of intensity and are reflected in different levels of sparse annotations. Motivated by these observations, we present a convolutional neural network based framework called Structured and Sparse annotations for image emotion Distribution Learning (SSDL) to tackle two challenges. In order to utilize structured annotations, the Earth Mover’s Distance is employed to calculate the minimal cost required to transform one distribution to another for ordered emotions and emotion groups. Combined with Kullback-Leibler divergence, we design the loss to penalize the mispredictions according to the dissimilarities of same emotions and different emotions simultaneously. Moreover, in order to handle sparse annotations, sparse regularization based on emotional intensity is adopted. Through combined loss and sparse regularization, SSDL could effectively leverage structured and sparse annotations for predicting emotion distribution. Experiment results demonstrate that our proposed SSDL significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

Understanding The Effect Of Noise, Vibration And Seat Discomfort Towards A Passenger’s Vehicle Driver Through Self–reported Survey

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Darina Indah Daruis ◽  
Baba Md Deros ◽  
Mohd Jailani Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Noise Vibration ◽  
Different Levels

Satu tinjauan berasaskan soal selidik atas talian telah dijalankan untuk mendapatkan maklumat berkenaan ketidakselesaan pemanduan kenderaan penumpang pemandu Malaysia. Faktor ketidakselesaan yang diselidiki ialah hingar, getaran dan tempat duduk pemandu. Untuk hingar dan getaran, didapati bahawa responden perempuan lebih tidak selesa untuk faktor berkaitan dengan getaran manakala responden lelaki lebih tidak selesa untuk faktor berkaitan hingar. Tiada perbezaan ketara antara ketidakselesaan untuk hingar dan getaran ketika pegun mahupun memecut. Berkenaan ketidakselesaan tempat duduk pemandu, didapati bahawa lebih ramai responden mengalami ketidakselesaan atau kesakitan di bahagian atas belakang. Perbezaan untuk respon ketidakselesaan bagi bahagian badan berlainan antara pemandu lelaki dan perempuan terutamanya disebabkan oleh faktor antropometri. Kedua–dua pemandu lelaki dan perempuan mengalami ketidakselesaan akibat hingar, getaran dan tempat duduk tetapi dengan sensitiviti yang berbeza untuk faktor dan bahagian tubuh yang berlainan. Daripada kajian ini, tiada perbezaan ketara yang dijumpai untuk kesuluruhan ketidakselesaan antara kedua–dua jantina. Meskipun ia berbentuk laporan kendiri, keputusannya adalah selari dengan penemuan daripada kajian–kajian literatur. Kata kunci: Hingar; getaran; tempat duduk pemandu; ketidakselesaan; tinjauan; soal selidik An online questionnaire–based survey was conducted to gather information regarding driving discomfort of Malaysian passengers’ vehicle driver. The discomfort factors investigated were noise, vibration and driver’s seat. For the noise and vibration, it was found that women respondents feel more discomfort for vibration related factors while men respondents feel more discomfort for noise related factors. There was no significant difference between discomfort for noise and vibration during idle or accelerating conditions. Regarding driver’s seat discomfort, it was found that more respondents had experienced discomfort or pain at the upper back. The differences of discomfort responses for different body parts between men and women drivers were mainly caused by anthropometrical factor. Both men and women drivers experience noise, vibration and seat discomfort, however with different levels of sensitivity for different factors and body parts. From this study, no significant difference was found on overall discomfort between genders. Although it is self–reported, the result is in–line with the findings from the literatures. Key words: Noise; vibration; driver seat; discomfort; survey; questionnaire

scholarly journals A influência da intensidade emocional no reconhecimento de emoções em faces por crianças brasileiras

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Silva Rocha Aguiar ◽  
Ana Idalina De Paiva Silva ◽  
Carla Silva Rocha Aguiar ◽  
Nelson Torro-Alves ◽  
Wânia Cristina De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sensitive Method

The ability to recognize emotions in faces is essential to human interaction and occurs since childhood. Hypothesis: research using the morphing technique assume that children require greater or lesser intensity of emotional expression to perceive it. Objective: to examine the emotional recognition of faces in childhood, using a task with emotional intensity variation. Method: it was applied a Test of Facial Emotion Recognition for Children to 28 children between 7 and 11 years, of both sexes, which presented 168 faces manipulated by the morphing technique, of the six basic emotions. Results: age as a trend growth of the likelihood of success at the task; more right answers for happiness and worst performances for fear; and the emotional intensity increasing at 42% the chance of success by every unit of intensity. Conclusion: these findings are relevant because they show the recognition of emotions at different levels as a more sensitive method.

scholarly journals The accuracy of intensity ratings of emotions from facial expressions

Psihologija ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Vocational Orientation ◽  
Intensity Rating ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Intensity Of Emotion

The results of a study on the accuracy of intensity ratings of emotion from facial expressions are reported. The so far research into the field has shown that spontaneous facial expressions of basic emotions are a reliable source of information about the category of emotion. The question is raised of whether this can be true for the intensity of emotion as well and whether the accuracy of intensity ratings is dependent on the observer?s sex and vocational orientation. A total of 228 observers of both sexes and of various vocational orientations rated the emotional intensity of presented facial expressions on a scale-range from 0 to 8. The results have supported the hypothesis that spontaneous facial expressions of basic emotions do provide sufficient information about emotional intensity. The hypothesis on the interdependence between the accuracy of intensity ratings of emotion and the observer?s sex and vocational orientation has not been confirmed. However, the accuracy of intensity rating has been proved to vary with the category of the emotion presented.

The Role of Peripheral Feedback in Emotional Experience With Music

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Dibben
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intensity Of Emotion ◽  
Different Levels

Given evidence from other domains that peripheral feedback can influence emotional experience, two experiments are reported that investigate the role of physiological arousal in determining the intensity and valence of emotion experienced when listening to music. In the first experiment, two groups of participants, with different levels of induced physiological arousal, rated four excerpts of music on 10 emotion scales in terms of the emotion they felt while listening to the music and the emotion they thought the music was intended to express. Participants who had exercised immediately before making the emotion judgments reported more intense experiences of emotion felt while listening to the music than did participants who had relaxed. Arousal manipulation had no effect on ratings of the emotion thought to be expressed by the music. These results suggest that arousal influences the intensity of emotion experienced with music and therefore that people use their body state as information about the emotion felt while listening to music. A second experiment investigated this effect in more detail. Independent groups were used to test three different types of induced arousal, with separate groups for ratings of emotion felt and emotion expressed by the music. Participants who had exercised reported intensified experience of positive emotions, in response to pieces that were positive in valence, than did a control group. The article concludes that body state can influence emotional experience with music and presents this as evidence for the role of personal and situational factors in the emotional experience of music.

Some Further Thoughts on Power

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Keith Dowding
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Preference Formation ◽  
Collective Action Problem ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Abstract Categories ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Different Levels

The first of the new retrospective chapters briefly considers now the author would have presented some of the arguments differently now. It then re-examines the central argument of the book that we can understand the dilemmas of power through the lens of the collective action problem. It considers Ann Cudd’s argument about how collective action lock in suboptimal choices for oppressed groups such as women and defend that account against the criticisms of Amy Allen arguing that Allen has a limited understanding of rational choice. We require two different sorts of models one directed at preference formation, and one at the specific choice situation people are in. Utilizing different models at different levels of granularity of explanation can provide the fuller explanations Allen desires. The chapter then re-examines the resources account filling in some empirical details of how we look at resources within the five abstract categories. It then provides an account of when persuasion is coercive and when not both in terms of reasons and in terms of the emotional intensity. It thus helps explain the power of language.

The Tell-Tale Heart

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris H. Janssen ◽  
Wijnand A. Ijsselsteijn ◽  
Joyce H.D.M. Westerink ◽  
Paul Tacken ◽  
Gert-Jan de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Different Levels

Heartbeats are strongly related to emotions, and people are known to interpret their own heartbeat as emotional information. To explore how people interpret other’s cardiac activity, the authors conducted four experiments. In the first experiment, they aurally presented ten different levels of heart rate to participants and compare emotional intensity ratings. In the second experiment, the authors compare the effects of nine levels of heart rate variability around 0.10 Hz and 0.30 Hz on emotional intensity ratings. In the third experiment, they combined manipulations of heart rate and heart rate variability to compare their effects. Finally, in the fourth experiment, they compare effects of heart rate to effects of angry versus neutral facial expressions, again on emotional intensity ratings. Overall, results show that people relate increases in heart rate to increases in emotional intensity. These effects were similar to effects of the facial expressions. This shows possibilities for using human interpretations of heart rate in communication applications.

scholarly journals Situation and Personality Effects on Smokers’ Psychological Reactance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayçal Boukamcha
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Persuasive Message ◽  
Personality Pattern ◽  
Different Levels

This paper tries to investigate the situational and personal aspects that may trigger smokers’ psychological state reactance. It was hypothesized that situational factors, such as perceived threat to freedom and perceived loss of control which are supposed to be triggered by an anti-smoking persuasive message, and a personality pattern, such as trait reactance proneness, predict the psychological state reactance. An experiment and a survey were conducted on a random sample of 352 smoking students in two Tunisian business schools. Four anti-smoking print ads, with two different levels of negative emotional intensity, were manipulated. The findings depict the importance of the anti-smoking ads with a high negative emotional intensity, the perceived threat to freedom and trait reactance proneness in the smokers’ psychological reactance prediction.

scholarly journals The Interaction of Facial Expression and Donor-Recipient Eye Contact in Donation Intentions: Based on the Intensity of Emotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelin Tong ◽  
Mengjie Yi ◽  
Wenting Feng ◽  
Yinghao Yu ◽  
Diyi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Happy Expression ◽  
Intensity Of Emotion ◽  
Potential Recipient

Both happy and sad facial expressions of recipients are frequently used in charity advertisements. However, the relative effectiveness of these two types of facial expressions has been found paradoxical in the past. In this study, we examine when happy facial expression can more effectively increase donation intentions of consumers and when vice versa. Specially, we propose that eye contact between a donor and a potential recipient may moderate the relative effectiveness of happy and sad facial expressions, and further explain the interaction effect from the perspective of emotional intensity. Results from two experiments suggest that, when donor-recipient eye contact is present, consumers tend to have stronger emotional intensity, and, in turn, show higher donation intentions when the recipient is with a happy rather than sad facial expression. In contrast, when the eye contact is absent, consumers may show stronger emotional intensity and donation intentions toward the charity advertisement with a recipient showing sad rather than happy expression.

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