Stereotype threat and stereotype lift in male and female leaders and their consequences for self-stereotyping and subordinate stereotyping

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Gervais ◽  
Theresa K. Vescio ◽  
Larisa Heiphetz
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stereotype Lift

Smart Girls, Dumb Boys!?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Latsch ◽  
Bettina Hannover
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
School Students ◽  
Compensatory Strategies ◽  
Media Portrayal ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
The Media

We investigated effects of the media’s portrayal of boys as “scholastic failures” on secondary school students. The negative portrayal induced stereotype threat (boys underperformed in reading), stereotype reactance (boys displayed stronger learning goals towards mathematics but not reading), and stereotype lift (girls performed better in reading but not in mathematics). Apparently, boys were motivated to disconfirm their group’s negative depiction, however, while they could successfully apply compensatory strategies when describing their learning goals, this motivation did not enable them to perform better. Overall the media portrayal thus contributes to the maintenance of gender stereotypes, by impairing boys’ and strengthening girls’ performance in female connoted domains and by prompting boys to align their learning goals to the gender connotation of the domain.

STEREOTYPE THREAT AND STEREOTYPE LIFT: THE CASE OF 10 YEAR OLD GIRLS AND BOYS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Anna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of stereotypical and counter-stereotypicalinformation on the self-esteem and cognitive performance of 10-year-old children. Our sampleconsisted of 37 girls and 37 boys. Children were presented with 10 “mathematical” puzzles in threeexperimental conditions: stereotypical (boys are better), counter-stereotypical (girls are better), andthe control condition (no particular information). Self-esteem was measured using a non-verbaltask. The results showed a significant interaction effect of “condition x sex” on self-esteem andperformance. Girls revealed no significant differences between control and experimental conditions,while boys showed a significant drop in self-esteem and performance in the counter-stereotypicalcondition as compared to the control condition and a significant lift in self-esteem and performancein the stereotypical condition as compared to the control condition.

The Next Generation of Leaders

2015 ◽  
pp. 16-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Female Executives ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Male And Female

The low number of female (expatriate) leaders in today's hotel management industry within the global business environment is a concern to most scholars writing on female executives. Most studies focus on the difficulties women face, while a minority of them examine the sources of their success. For academicians, it has been proven time and time again that differences between male and female do not warrant the fact that there are less women in leadership positions in the hotel and hospitality industry due to the claim that men are more qualified than women. For practitioners, however, many organizations have managed to demonstrate to the contrary of academicians, through the practice and maintenance of its corporate culture. The purpose of this chapter is to address two sets of stereotypes about female leaders in the hotel management industry: 1) the glass ceiling, the glass cliff, the glass border, and the pink collar ghetto or patterns of employment ghettos; and 2) the three persistent myths regarding female leaders in the hotel management industry.

Action Sports, the Olympic Games, and the Opportunities and Challenges for Gender Equity: The Cases of Surfing and Skateboarding

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Wheaton ◽  
Holly Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Action Sports ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Critical Literature

Commentators have suggested that action sports have provided space for more progressive gendered power relations than many more traditional, institutionalized sex-segregated sports. However, as action sports become institutionalized via Olympic inclusion, what are the potential opportunities and challenges for girls and women as both athletes and industry leaders? Drawing on interviews with male and female leaders in surfing and skateboarding industries, media and cultures, and an analysis of niche media, we assess the opportunities for women as the sports prepare for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. The two case studies reveal the different struggles and strategies of women in these two sporting cultures, as well as the roles played by men in supporting cultural change. This article contributes to the critical literature assessing the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) claims to provide opportunities for diverse groups of women and, more widely, the challenges in establishing effective policies to “empower” girls and women in and through sport.

Preferred leadership prototypes of male and female leaders in 27 countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori D Paris ◽  
Jon P Howell ◽  
Peter W Dorfman ◽  
Paul J Hanges
Keyword(s):  
Female Leaders ◽  
Male And Female

Attributions for Success and Failure of Men and Women in Leadership Positions

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Leader ◽  
Performance Ability ◽  
Male Leader

Attributions for the success and failure of men and women in leadership positions were examined as a function of the subjects' attitudes towards women in leadership roles (as measured by the Women As Managers Scale of Peters, Terborg, and Taynor. 80 men and 80 women were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in which a leader's performance was described, i.e., male leader—success, male leader—failure, female leader—success, female leader—failure. Subjects then rated the importance they believed each of four factors had in determining the leader's performance (ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck). A general reluctance of subjects to make external attributions and to distinguish between male and female leaders was found.

scholarly journals Spanish slurs and stereotypes for Mexican-Americans in the USA: A context-sensitive account of derogation and appropriation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-179
Author(s):  
Adam M. Croom
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Male Homosexuals

AbstractSlurs such as spic, slut, wetback, and whore are linguistic expressions that are primarily understood to derogate certain group members on the basis of their descriptive attributes (such as their race or sex) and expressions of this kind have been considered to pack some of the nastiest punches natural language affords. Although prior scholarship on slurs has uncovered several important facts concerning their meaning and use –including that slurs are potentially offensive, are felicitously applied towards some targets yet not others, and are often flexibly used not only derogatorily to convey offense towards out-group members but also non-derogatorily to convey affiliation with in-group members– the literature remains largely focused on slurs that typically target African Americans (nigger), male homosexuals (faggot), and sexually active females (slut). Since no account of slurs that typically target Hispanics or Mexican-Americans has so far been proposed, here I offer the first systematic and empirically informed analysis of these that accounts for both their derogatory and appropriative use. Importantly, this article reviews over a dozen Spanish stereotypes and slurs and explains how the descriptive attributes involved in a stereotype associated with a slur can contribute to the predication of certain content in the application of that slur toward its target in context. This article further explains how the psychological effects of stereotype threat and stereotype lift can be initiated through the application of a relevant slur towards its target in context as well.

Follower Reactions to Male and Female Leaders Who Maintain or Lose Reward Power

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Jurma ◽  
Beverly C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Female Leaders ◽  
Male And Female
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