Does mental number line training work? The effects of cognitive training on real-life mathematics, numeracy, and decision making.

An object located in the centre position is believed to be the most attended and well remembered, which increases its likelihood of being chosen (i.e., centrality preference). However, the literature has yielded inconsistent evidence. With the support of an eye-tracking technique, this study tried to provide another means of examining the relationship between preference and attention. Thirty undergraduates were asked to choose one of five similar items presented on a horizontal line. The findings on eye fixation points and looking duration positively related to the probability of an item being chosen as the preferred item. Yet performance in a recall test revealed an independence between preference and remembering. Furthermore, an unexpectedly large proportion of the participants also preferred the items on the leftmost side of the array. The mental number line and social norms, together with centrality preference, were used to provide an explanation of our implicit preference in decision making.

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Moving on Down the (Mental Number) Line

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e502412013-040 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

David Landy ◽

Zachary J. Davis ◽

Brian M. Guay ◽

Megan L. Delaunay ◽

Arthur Charlesworth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Number Line ◽

Mental Number Line

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Development and Enhancement of a Model of Performance and Decision Making Under Stress in a Real Life Setting

10.21236/ada273441 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

Colin F. Mackenzie

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Real Life ◽

Real Life Setting

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EXPRESS: Spatial-numerical associations from a novel paradigm support the Mental Number Line account

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/17470218211008733 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174702182110087

Author(s):

Lauren Aulet ◽

Sami R Yousif ◽

Stella Lourenco

Keyword(s):

Memory Task ◽

Verbal Working Memory ◽

Number Line ◽

Mental Number Line ◽

Task Demands ◽

Numerical Magnitude ◽

The Novel ◽

Alternative Account ◽

Subject Design ◽

Multiple Tasks

Multiple tasks have been used to demonstrate the relation between numbers and space. The classic interpretation of these directional spatial-numerical associations (d-SNAs) is that they are the product of a mental number line (MNL), in which numerical magnitude is intrinsically associated with spatial position. The alternative account is that d-SNAs reflect task demands, such as explicit numerical judgments and/or categorical responses. In the novel ‘Where was The Number?’ task, no explicit numerical judgments were made. Participants were simply required to reproduce the location of a numeral within a rectangular space. Using a between-subject design, we found that numbers, but not letters, biased participants’ responses along the horizontal dimension, such that larger numbers were placed more rightward than smaller numbers, even when participants completed a concurrent verbal working memory task. These findings are consistent with the MNL account, such that numbers specifically are inherently left-to-right oriented in Western participants.

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Real-life use of BRAF-V600E mutation analysis in thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration: consequences on clinical decision-making

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-021-02693-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Brigante ◽

Andrea Craparo ◽

Elisa Pignatti ◽

Marco Marino ◽

Maria Laura Monzani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Fine Needle Aspiration ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Real Life ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Braf V600e Mutation ◽

Braf V600e ◽

Fine Needle

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ACO with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Pheromone Updating Applied on Multiple-Constraint Knapsack Problem

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9131456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (13) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

Stefka Fidanova ◽

Krassimir Todorov Atanassov

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Knapsack Problem ◽

Propositional Logic ◽

Optimization Problems ◽

Real Life ◽

Combinatorial Optimization Problems ◽

Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽

Life Problems ◽

Multiple Constraint

Some of industrial and real life problems are difficult to be solved by traditional methods, because they need exponential number of calculations. As an example, we can mention decision-making problems. They can be defined as optimization problems. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is between the best methods, that solves combinatorial optimization problems. The method mimics behavior of the ants in the nature, when they look for a food. One of the algorithm parameters is called pheromone, and it is updated every iteration according quality of the achieved solutions. The intuitionistic fuzzy (propositional) logic was introduced as an extension of Zadeh’s fuzzy logic. In it, each proposition is estimated by two values: degree of validity and degree of non-validity. In this paper, we propose two variants of intuitionistic fuzzy pheromone updating. We apply our ideas on Multiple-Constraint Knapsack Problem (MKP) and compare achieved results with traditional ACO.

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The role of visual experience for spatial numerical associations

Seeing and Perceiving ◽

10.1163/187847612x648486 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (0) ◽

pp. 222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael J. Proulx ◽

Achille Pasqualotto ◽

Shuichiro Taya

Keyword(s):

Visual Experience ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

Random Number Generation ◽

Number Line ◽

Mental Number Line ◽

Generation Task ◽

Congenitally Blind ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Right

The topographic representation of space interacts with the mental representation of number. Evidence for such number–space relations have been reported in both synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic participants. Thus far most studies have only examined related effects in sighted participants. For example, the mental number line increases in magnitude from left to right in sighted individuals (Loetscher et al., 2008, Curr. Biol.). What is unclear is whether this association arises from innate mechanisms or requires visual experience early in life to develop in this way. Here we investigated the role of visual experience for the left to right spatial numerical association using a random number generation task in congenitally blind, late blind, and blindfolded sighted participants. Participants orally generated numbers randomly whilst turning their head to the left and right. Sighted participants generated smaller numbers when they turned their head to the left than to the right, consistent with past results. In contrast, congenitally blind participants generated smaller numbers when they turned their head to the right than to the left, exhibiting the opposite effect. The results of the late blind participants showed an intermediate profile between that of the sighted and congenitally blind participants. Visual experience early in life is therefore necessary for the development of the spatial numerical association of the mental number line.

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