Evaluating experts may serve psychological needs: Self-esteem, bias blind spot, and processing fluency explain confirmation effect in assessing financial advisors’ authority.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zaleskiewicz ◽  
Agata Gasiorowska
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Financial Advisors ◽  
Bias Blind Spot

Sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng của người trưởng thành: Tiếp cận theo lý thuyết Tháp nhu cầu của Abraham Maslow

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Nam Co ◽  
Abraham Maslow ◽  
Needs Satisfaction

Trên thế giới, nhiều nghiên cứu về tự trọng đã được tiến hành trên nhóm khách thể là trẻ em và trẻ vị thành niên, tuy nhiên nhóm người trưởng thành từ 18 tuổi trở lên lại chưa nhận được sự quan tâm thích đáng. Ở Việt Nam, tình hình cũng tương tự, đặc biệt, các nghiên cứu về sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng (Self- Esteem) tiếp cận dựa trên khung lý thuyết của Abraham Maslow còn rất thiếu vắng. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này nhằm mô tả sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng của 301 người trưởng thành, độ tuổi 18 - 60 (Mean = 34.6, SD = 0.77) tại Việt Nam tiếp cận theo lý thuyết về Tháp nhu cầu của A. Maslow. Thang đo sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tâm lý (Psychological Needs Satisfaction) của David Lester và cộng sự (1990), được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: (i) Sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng của người trưởng thành tại Việt Nam có điểm số trung bình cao nhất trong số 5 nhu cầu theo lý thuyết của A.Maslow; (ii) Các nhu cầu trong năm nhu cầu theo khung lý thuyết đều có mối tương quan mạnh với nhau, trong đó tương quan mạnh nhất là sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng với nhu cầu hiện thực hóa bản thân; (iii) Có sự khác biệt về sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng giữa các nhóm tuổi khác nhau và giữa các nhóm trình độ học vấn khác nhau, tuy nhiên chưa đủ bằng chứng để kết luận có sự khác biệt theo tiêu chí giới tính, địa bàn nghiên cứu, kiểu tính cách và mức thu nhập. Ngày nhận 01/10/2018; ngày chỉnh sửa 5/12/2018; ngày chấp nhận đăng 28/2/2019

scholarly journals Motivational profiles and their relationships with basic psychological needs, academic performance, study strategies, self-esteem, and vitality in dental students in Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Orsini ◽  
Vivian I. Binnie ◽  
Jorge A. Tricio
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Motivational Profiles

Purpose: To determine dental students’ motivational profiles through a person-centred approach and to analyse the associations with the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, study strategies, academic performance, self-esteem, and vitality. Methods: A total of 924 students from the University of San Sebastian (Chile) participated in this cross-sectional cor¬relational study in spring 2016. Data were collected through 5 self-reported instruments, in addition to students’ academic performance. The Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, and correla¬tion scores were computed. A k-means cluster analysis with intrinsic and controlled motivation was conducted to identify different mo-tivational profiles. Subsequently, multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for the effects of gender and year of study was carried out to assess differences among the retained motivational profiles and learning variables. Results: All instruments showed acceptable Cronbach alpha scores. A 4-cluster solution was retained for the motivational profile over a 3- or 5-cluster solution. Students’ motiva-tional profiles were characterized by different degrees of intrinsic and controlled motivation. The high intrinsic motivation groups showed higher perceptions of their basic psychological, a greater propensity for a deep rather than surface study strategy, better academic performance, and higher scores for self-esteem and vitality than the low intrinsic motivation groups, regardless of the degree of controlled motivation. Conclusion: Students with a high intrinsic motivation profile, regardless of their controlled motivation scores, reported better learning characteristics. Therefore, special attention should be paid to students’ motivational profiles, as the quality of motivation might serve as a basis for interventions to support their academic success and well-being.

The Bias Blind Spot Across Childhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hagá ◽  
Kristina R. Olson ◽  
Leonel Garcia-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
Bias Blind Spot

scholarly journals UNTOUCHABILITY-THE PLIGHT OF DALITS: IN THE WORKS OF DALIT WRITERS, DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR AND OM PRAKASH VALMIKI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Payal Bhardwaj ◽  
Vikas Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Legal Empowerment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Indian History ◽  
The Right

The right to live a dignified life is one of the basic necessities of human beings. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, self-esteem and being respected takes almost the topmost position in a person’s psychological needs. Women’s suffragette, the civil movements for equality of African- American’s and other such movements in history are a testament of the same. However, Indian history reeks of a dark past, a past that not only differentiated amongst people, but treated them worse than animals. The Indian society’s ‘Chaturvarna’ system placed the untouchables in the lowest social category. They are also called ‘Dalits’, which literally translates to ‘broken men’. The untouchables were forced to inhumane treatment and atrocities for no fault of their own. Basic rights such as drinking water, food, proper accommodation and even walking on roads were not allowed to them. With the efforts of visionaries and social workers, the condition improved; but it is still not a complete victory. This paper is but a feeble light shining on the struggles that come with unfair castigation of this social hierarchy. It also points out how plight of Dalits is addressed in writings of the Dalit writers. Dalit writers suggested that the plight of Dalits can only be addressed through social consciousness, which can only come with education and legal empowerment.

Bias Blind Spot Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. West ◽  
Russell J. Meserve ◽  
Keith E. Stanovich
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
Bias Blind Spot

Overcoming Confirmation and Blind Spot Biases When Communicating Science

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Kenski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Bias Blind Spot

This chapter focuses on two biases that lead people away from evaluating evidence and scientific studies impartially—confirmation bias and bias blind spot. The chapter first discusses different ways in which people process information and reviews the costs and benefits of utilizing cognitive shortcuts in decision making. Next, two common cognitive biases, confirmation bias and bias blind spot, are explained. Then the literature on “debiasing” is explored. Finally, the implications of confirmation bias and bias blind spot in the context of communicating about science are examined, and an agenda for future research on understanding and mitigating these biases is offered.

Psychopathy Checklist–Revised Use and Reporting Practices in Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus T. Boccaccini ◽  
Caroline S. Chevalier ◽  
Daniel C. Murrie ◽  
Jorge G. Varela
Keyword(s):  
Risk Measure ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Sexually Violent Predator ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Score Interpretation ◽  
Bias Blind Spot ◽  
Sexually Violent ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised

We surveyed evaluators who conduct sexually violent predator evaluations ( N = 95) regarding the frequency with which they use the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R), their rationale for use, and scoring practices. Findings suggest that evaluators use the PCL-R in sexually violent predator cases because of its perceived versatility, providing information about both mental disorder and risk. Several findings suggested gaps between research and routine practice. For example, relatively few evaluators reported providing the factor and facet scores that may be the strongest predictors of future offending, and many assessed the combination of PCL-R scores and sexual deviance using deviance measures (e.g., paraphilia diagnoses) that have not been examined in available studies. There was evidence of adversarial allegiance in PCL-R score interpretation, as well as a “bias blind spot” in PCL-R and other risk measure (Static-99R) scoring; evaluators tended to acknowledge the possibility of bias in other evaluators but not in themselves. Findings suggest the need for evaluators to carefully consider the extent to which their practices are consistent with emerging research and to be attuned to the possibility that working in adversarial settings may influence their scoring and interpretation practices.

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