Over and under commitment to a course of action in decisions from experience.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doron Cohen ◽  
Ido Erev
Keyword(s):  
Decisions From Experience ◽  
Course Of Action

Ex ante coherence shifts

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Simon ◽  
Keith J. Holyoak
Keyword(s):  
Course Of Action ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Rational Reasoning

Abstract Cushman characterizes rationalization as the inverse of rational reasoning, but this distinction is psychologically questionable. Coherence-based reasoning highlights a subtler form of bidirectionality: By distorting task attributes to make one course of action appear superior to its rivals, a patina of rationality is bestowed on the choice. This mechanism drives choice and action, rather than just following in their wake.

Process Accountability as a De-Escalation Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Klaus Moser ◽  
Hans-Georg Wolff ◽  
Roman Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Escalation Of Commitment ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Performance Problems ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Biased Information

Abstract. Escalation of commitment occurs when a course of action is continued despite repeated drawbacks (e.g., maintaining an employment relationship despite severe performance problems). We analyze process accountability (PA) as a de-escalation technique that helps to discontinue a failing course of action and show how time moderates both the behavioral and cognitive processes involved: (1) Because sound decisions should be based on (hopefully unbiased) information search, which requires time to gather, the effect of PA on de-escalation increases over time. (2) Because continuing information search creates behavioral commitment, the debiasing effect of PA on information search diminishes over time. (3) Consistent with the tunnel vision notion, the effects of less biased information search on de-escalation decrease over time.

Soldier performance course of action (COA) visualization aids

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy W. Rozenblit ◽  
◽  
Michael J. Barnes ◽  
Faisal Momen ◽  
Jose A. Quijada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Course Of Action

Dyadic Obligations over Complex Actions as Deontic Constraints in the Situation Calculus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Claßen ◽  
James Delgrande
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deontic Logic ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Reasoning About Action ◽  
The Given

With the advent of artificial agents in everyday life, it is important that these agents are guided by social norms and moral guidelines. Notions of obligation, permission, and the like have traditionally been studied in the field of Deontic Logic, where deontic assertions generally refer to what an agent should or should not do; that is they refer to actions. In Artificial Intelligence, the Situation Calculus is (arguably) the best known and most studied formalism for reasoning about action and change. In this paper, we integrate these two areas by incorporating deontic notions into Situation Calculus theories. We do this by considering deontic assertions as constraints, expressed as a set of conditionals, which apply to complex actions expressed as GOLOG programs. These constraints induce a ranking of "ideality" over possible future situations. This ranking in turn is used to guide an agent in its planning deliberation, towards a course of action that adheres best to the deontic constraints. We present a formalization that includes a wide class of (dyadic) deontic assertions, lets us distinguish prima facie from all-things-considered obligations, and particularly addresses contrary-to-duty scenarios. We furthermore present results on compiling the deontic constraints directly into the Situation Calculus action theory, so as to obtain an agent that respects the given norms, but works solely based on the standard reasoning and planning techniques.

Erfolg der Jungwaldpflege im Schweizer Mittelland? Analyse und Folgerungen (Essay)

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (9) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ammann
Keyword(s):  
Stand Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Tree Thinning ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Young Growth

Is young growth tending successful in the Swiss Plateau region? Analysis and implications (essay) The effect of the cost-intensive young growth tending used up to the present in the region of the Swiss Plateau is analysed using different approaches. It is evident that young growth tending is not only ineffective with respect to diameter growth but even hinders stand development. Negative effects on quality from young growth tending are also recognised. This is often due to premature interventions in the natural processes of self-differentiation and subsequent systematic errors in the thinning. Furthermore, the effect of tending measures on the tree species composition is often overestimated because in the first 10 to 20 years of stand development, it is primarily the rejuvenation strategy and the site which are decisive. As an alternative course of action, tending concepts are proposed which rely on biological rationalisation and future tree thinning, to achieve future trees which are as vigorous as possible. These are not only more effective, but are also significantly less expensive.

Course of Action Simulation, Testing, Evaluation and Revision (COASTER)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Cohen ◽  
David Jensen ◽  
Marc Atkin ◽  
Zachary Eyler-Walker ◽  
Tim Oates
Keyword(s):  
Action Simulation ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Simulation Testing

A 'Trust But Verify' Design for Course of Action Displays

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark St. John ◽  
Daniel I. Manes ◽  
Glenn A. Osga
Keyword(s):  
Course Of Action

PARALISIA BULBAR PROGRESSIVA (PBP): relato de caso

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Heuler dos Reis Rodrigues ◽  
Mariane Fernandes Ribeiro ◽  
Carla Cristina Ferreira de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Bulbar Paralysis ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Object Of Study

Motor neuron disease is a term used in several clinical syndromes, among them Progressive Bulbar Paralysis, a rare degenerative and progressive disease of rapid evolution and loss of early respiratory muscle strength. The characteristics are dysphonia, dysphagia, dysarthria, inability in bronchial hygiene, wheezing breaths and atrophy of the tongue musculature, affecting chewing, the grinding of food is increasingly difficult, affecting chewing, causing a potentially disabling and debilitating disease. This study aimed to describe a clinical case of an individual with a clinical diagnosis of Progressive Bulbar Paralysis in Propaedeutics at the Clinical School of the Faculty of the Alto Paranaíba-MG region. The object of study was a 57-year-old male, who underwent an initial physical therapy evaluation and was collected with maximum physiological pressure: maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, Borg CR-10 scale, heart rate (HR), respiratory pressure (RF), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2). Then, follow a course of action in accordance with the provisions of the literature on the performance of the disease. The results found in this study are satisfactory, for all eight variables analyzed, with the possibility of highlighting the variable Borg CR-10 as the most satisfactory variable compared.

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