In vitro Effect of Growth Hormone on the Glucose Uptake of Isolated Rat Diaphragm

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 179 (4557) ◽  
pp. 472-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. RANDLE ◽  
J. E. WHITNEY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Isolated Rat

THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE AND OF CORTISOL ON THE RESPONSE OF ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM TO THE STIMULATING EFFECT OF INSULIN ON GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND ON INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO PROTEIN

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. MANCHESTER ◽  
P. J. RANDLE ◽  
F. G. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY 1. The effect of hypophysectomy, or of adrenalectomy, and injection of pituitary growth hormone (GH) or of cortisol, on the uptake of glucose and the incorporation of glycine into protein by isolated rat diaphragm, and the effect of the addition of insulin in vitro on these processes, has been studied. 2. Both hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy raised the uptake of glucose by isolated diaphragm, while treatment of the intact or of the hypophysectomized rat with GH, or of the intact or of the adrenalectomized rat with cortisol, depressed it. Although hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy did not influence the additional glucose uptake induced by 200 mu./ml. of insulin in vitro, both these operations enhanced the effect of 0·1–1·0 mu./ml. of insulin on glucose uptake by diaphragm in vitro. Treatment of the rat with GH or cortisol diminished the rise in glucose uptake of diaphragm induced by 0·1–1·0 mu./ml. insulin. 3. Hypophysectomy depressed, and administration of GH to the intact or hypophysectomized rat raised, the incorporation of glycine into protein of the isolated diaphragm, but neither of these operations altered the magnitude of the stimulation of incorporation induced by 1·0 mu./ml. insulin. 4. Adrenalectomy raised, and administration of cortisol to the intact or adrenalectomized rat depressed, the incorporation of glycine into protein of the isolated diaphragm; adrenalectomy enhanced, the injection of cortisol diminished, the effect of 1·0 mu./ml. insulin on these processes. 5. The possibility that GH directs insulin towards the stimulation of protein synthesis, in part by restraining the action of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism, is discussed.

SENSITIVITY OF THE RAT DIAPHRAGM TO GROWTH HORMONE.

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Hjalmarson ◽  
K. Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Isolated Rat

ABSTRACT The effect of growth hormone (GH) in vitro on the rate of intracellular accumulation of the non-utilizable amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was studied in the intact rat diaphragm preparation. Bovine or ovine GH (25 μg/ml incubation medium) markedly stimulated the accumulation of AIB-14C by diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats, while there was no or only a very slight effect on diaphragms from normal rats. In diaphragms from rats with the pituitary gland autotransplanted to the kidney capsule GH in vitro stimulated the accumulation of AIB-14C significantly more than in diaphragms from normal rats but significantly less than in diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats. Injections of GH intramuscularly for 4 days to hypophysectomized rats made the diaphragms from these rats less sensitive or completely insensitive to GH in vitro. These results indicate strongly that the relative insensitivity to GH in vitro of diaphragms from normal rats is due to the fact that the muscle tissues from these rats has been exposed to the endogenously secreted GH. The results show that GH can influence the accumulation of AIB-14C in the isolated rat diaphragm in two different ways giving an acute or »stimulatory« effect and a late or »inhibitory« effect, and that it seems to be a time-relationship between these two effects of the hormone.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ON GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1952 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Park ◽  
David H. Brown ◽  
Marvin. Cornblath ◽  
William H. Daughaday ◽  
M.E. Krahl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Isolated Rat

THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
P. R. Bouman ◽  
W. Dermer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Glycogen Deposition ◽  
Isolated Rat

ABSTRACT The in vitro effects of adrenaline on glycogen metabolism and glucose uptake were studied in diaphragms of intact, adrenalectomized and adrenodemedullated rats decapitated under »Nembutal« anaesthesia. Adrenalectomy and pretreatment of adrenalectomized rats with cortisol caused an increase in the net loss of glycogen induced by adrenaline. When glycogen deposition in the absence of adrenaline was also taken into account, the overall magnitude of the glycogenolytic response appeared to be unchanged. The apparent qualitative change in response induced by these procedures was attributed to increased initial glycogen values. In diaphragms of adrenalectomized and adrenodemedullated rats the response to adrenaline was identical, the initial glycogen content being the same in these preparations. None of the experimental procedures affected the variable inhibition of glucose uptake by adrenaline. These results do not favour the existence of a »permissive« or synergistic action of adrenocortical steroids with regard to the effects of adrenaline on peripheral carbohydrate metabolism.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE ISOLATED DIAPHRAGM OF INTACT AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS AS INFLUENCED BY »NEMBUTAL« ANAESTHESIA

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Bouman ◽  
W. Dermer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Simultaneous Inhibition ◽  
Glycogen Deposition ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

ABSTRACT Hemidiaphragms of intact and adrenalectomized rats which had been killed by decapitation, were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C under aerobic conditions. Glucose uptake and glycogen deposition were determined. Addition of adrenaline in vitro (1 μg/ml) caused a substantial decrease in glucose uptake in both types of diaphragms, this decrease being equivalent to a simultaneous inhibition of glycogen deposition. »Nembutal« anaesthesia prior to decapitation was found to alter the response to adrenaline. This change was most clearly observed in diaphragms of adrenalectomized rats. Here, adrenaline mainly affected glycogen metabolism by way of glycogen degradation, whereas the overall magnitude of the response was not materially changed. However, glucose uptake appeared to be only slightly decreased by adrenaline under these conditions. The change in response to adrenaline was attributed to the higher initial glycogen content observed in diaphragms of nembutalized rats. It was suggested that prevention of an acute release of endogenous adrenergic substances, occurring after decapitation of unanaesthetized donor rats, may be the actual cause of this phenomenon. Attention was drawn to the significance of the initial glycogen content as an important factor in carbohydrate metabolism of the isolated rat diaphragm.

PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE AND THE GLUCOSE UTILIZATION OF RAT DIAPHRAGM

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. OTTAWAY ◽  
R. D. BULBROOK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY Growth hormone has been reported to cause either a depression or a stimulation of the glucose uptake of isolated rat diaphragm. The present paper describes further work on the two effects. 1. Anaerobic conditions during the preparation of the diaphragm for incubation affect the glucose uptake and alter the response of the muscle to growth hormone. By controlling the oxygen tension in the diaphragm immediately after excision, variation of the glucose uptake and the effect of the hormone is reduced. 2. Solutions of growth hormone were found to be extremely labile, but, by rigidly standardizing the method of preparing solutions, consistent results were obtained. 3. The relationship between the concentration of growth hormone and its effect on the glucose uptake of isolated diaphragm was investigated separately for muscle saturated with oxygen and with nitrogen. With oxygenated muscle at high concentrations the hormone stimulates, and at low concentrations depresses, the rate of glucose uptake. 4. The mode of action of growth hormone in vitro and in vivo is discussed.

Epinephrine action on glucose uptake by rat diaphragm; effect of ionic composition

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Szabo Herman ◽  
Estelle R. Ramey
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glucose Phosphorylation ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Phosphate Medium

The in vitro inhibitory effect of epinephrine on glucose uptake by the isolated rat diaphragm was reinvestigated under various experimental conditions. This effect of epinephrine was manifest only in the Krebs-Ringer phosphate incubating medium and did not occur in the Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate medium or in the phosphate medium in which the concentration of Mg++ was increased twofold. A change in the concentration of Ca++ ions in the phosphate incubating medium did not affect the inhibition produced by epinephrine. An increase in H+ ion concentration in the phosphate medium diminished control glucose uptake as well as the inhibitory effect of epinephrine. It is suggested that the absence of in vitro inhibition of glucose uptake by epinephrine in the bicarbonate and high Mg phosphate media is due to the normal functioning of the phosphofructokinase enzyme system in these two media only. This in turn produces a faster rate of removal of glucose-6-phosphate, the product of glucose phosphorylation and glycogen breakdown. The accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate would inhibit the enzyme hexokinase, as is the case in the phosphate medium. An explanation for the conflicting reports in the literature regarding the in vitro effect of epinephrine on glucose uptake in muscle is suggested.

TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE GROWTH HORMONE EFFECTS ON AMINO ACID TRANSPORT AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S37-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Hjalmarson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Isolated Rat

ABSTRACT Experiments were performed to study whether the influence of bovine growth hormone (GH) on the mebrane transport of labelled leucine and glycine in the isolated rat diaphragm was similar to that previously found for α-aminoisobutyric acid (Hjalmarson & Abrén 1967a, b). The relationship between the effects of GH on amino acid transport and protein synthesis was also studied. Addition of GH in vitro (25 μg/ml) to intact hemidiaphragms from hypophysectomized rats increased the accumulation of glycine in the intracellular water after 2 hours of incubation, while that of leucine was reduced. GH in vitro increased the incorporation rate into muscle protein of both glycine and leucine. An Intravenous (i. v.) injection of GH (10 μg) to hypophysectomized rats 60 min. before incubation increased the distribution ratio of leucine, while no significant effect was found on the incorporation into protein of this amino acid. On the other hand, an injection of GH (10 μg) 180 min. before incubation increased the in vitro incorporation of both leucine and glycine. This injection did not change the distribution ratio of glycine and that of leucine was significantly decreased. Repeated injections of GH (50 μg × 4 days) increased the incorporation of both glycine and leucine. This treatment also increased the accumulation of glycine after 2 hours of incubation, while no such effect was seen on the accumulation of leucine. In vitro addition of GH (25 μg/ml) did not significantly change the distribution ratio of glycine and leucine in diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats previously treated with GH. However, addition of GH in vitro to the diaphragms from these rats further increased the incorporation of glycine into protein. In addition, GH in vitro increased the accumulation of glycine also when the incorporation of this amino acid into protein was completely blocked by puromycin (500 μg/ml). The present results show that GH, at least in certain doses, may have a biphasic action on the membrane transport of normal amino acids. The results also indicate that GH may have separate effects on the membrane transport and the incorporation into protein of amino acids.

RELEASE OF INSULIN FROM ISOLATED RAT PANCREAS IN VITRO

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Bouman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Rat Pancreas ◽  
Isolated Rat

ABSTRACT Krebs-Ringer solution in which pancreatic tissue of normal rats had been previously incubated, did not stimulate the glucose uptake of the isolated rat diaphragm. An increased glucose uptake was observed, however, after adding incubate of pancreatic tissue from rats in which the pancreatic ducts had been ligated 6 weeks prior to the experiment. Glucose uptake in the isolated diaphragm was also increased by joint incubation with pancreatic tissue of normal rats. Diaphragmatic glucose uptake was not stimulated by joint incubation with pancreatic tissue of alloxan-diabetic rats. It was concluded that insulin is released from pancreatic tissue under in vitro conditions. Unless muscular tissue is present, this insulin is completely inactivated, presumably by proteolytic pancreatic enzymes.

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