Time-course Studies on Antibody Response in Thymectomized and Sham-thymectomized Mice

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (5015) ◽  
pp. 1104-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS R. SINCLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Thymectomized Mice

scholarly journals Mechanisms of autoantibody production in autoimmune MRL mice.

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Pisetsky ◽  
G A McCarty ◽  
D V Peters
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Autoantibody Production ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Autoantibody Response ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Antibody Levels

The quantitative expression of anti-DNA and anti-Sm antibodies has been investigated in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL-+/+ mice. Anti-Sm antibodies were detected in sera from 21/23 lpr/lpr and 10/16 +/+ mice, with individual animals showing striking variation in the time-course and magnitude of this autoantibody response. The peak antibody levels of the responding animals of each substrain did not differ significantly. For anti-DNA antibody, a different pattern of responsiveness was observed. Individual animals of each substrain produced very similar responses in terms of the magnitude and time-course of serum anti-DNA antibody. The differences in the peak levels of the two substrains were highly significant, with lpr/lpr mice demonstrating a much greater anti-DNA antibody response than +/+ mice. In lpr/lpr mice tested for both autoantibody systems, serum anti-DNA and anti-Sm antibodies showed distinct time-courses. These studies indicate that anti-DNA and anti-Sm antibodies are expressed independently in MRL mice, with the expression of anti-DNA, but not anti-Sm antibody markedly influenced by the presence of the 1pr gene. A fundamental difference in the mechanisms involved in the generation of anti-DNA and anti-Sm antibodies is suggested by the quantitative pattern of the two responses.

scholarly journals CD22 Regulates Time Course of Both B Cell Division and Antibody Response

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Onodera ◽  
Jonathan C. Poe ◽  
Thomas F. Tedder ◽  
Takeshi Tsubata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Time Course

scholarly journals Antibody response and viraemia during the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Chen ◽  
Zuyuan Xu ◽  
Jingsong Mu ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Haixue Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Convalescent Phase ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

To understand the time-course of viraemia and antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), RT-PCR and ELISA were used to assay 376 blood samples from 135 SARS patients at various stages of the illness, including samples from patients who were in their early convalescent phase. The results showed that IgM antibodies decreased and became undetectable 11 weeks into the recovery phase. IgG antibodies, however, remained detectable for a period beyond 11 weeks and were found in 100 % of patients in the early convalescent phase. SARS-CoV viraemia mainly appeared 1 week after the onset of illness and then decreased over a period of 1 month, becoming undetectable in the blood samples of the convalescent patients. At the peak of viraemia, viral RNA was detectable in 75 % of blood samples from patients who were clinically diagnosed with SARS 1 or 2 weeks before the test.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. O'Brien ◽  
Maria C. Michaelides ◽  
Albert H. Coons
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Anamnestic Response

The in vitro anamnestic antibody response of popliteal lymph node fragments to additions of antigen closely resembles the in vivo anamnestic antibody response in its sensitivity to antigen, in the time course of antibody production, and in the sequence of appearance and the morphology of the antibody containing cells. Most of the cells responsible for antibody synthesis remain in the explant and do not migrate, although a few can be found in the outgrowing sheet of cells. The smallest concentration of bovine serum albumin which stimulates an anamnestic response in vitro is about 1 x 10–9 gm/ml.

scholarly journals Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion Course and Antibody Levels by Blood Groups in Convalescent Plasma Donors in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Karaca ◽  
Mustafa Nuri Günçıkan ◽  
Nazlı Nadire Sözmen ◽  
Gizem Gökçe Karadağ ◽  
Mustafa Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Rh Blood Group

Objective: The present study investigates the seroconversion time course of the IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 and ascertains whether its levels change according to the patient’s ABO blood group. Method: A total of 36,003-convalescent plasma (CP) donations of 12,315 Turkish Red Crescent CP donors were analyzed. The ABO blood group of the CP donors was determined by Gel Centrifugation; and IgG was measured using the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. The differences in the distributions of mean IgG ratios among the different ABO blood groups were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Independent Samples T-test. Results: Among the CP donors, 98.4% were male. An antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 was noted-although in a few CP donors- on the 244th day, and a significant association between the ABO blood groups and the mean IgG ratios was noted (p: 0.001). The highest (mean±SD) antibody level was observed in the AB blood group (39.5±15.7), followed by the B (37.9±11.5) and the A blood groups (36.6±10.7), while the lowest value was recorded in the O blood group (34.4±11.5). Significant differences between all paired groups were noted in pairwise comparisons. The Rh (-) blood group (37.4±13.6) had a significantly higher antibody level than the Rh (+) blood group (36.3±11.2) (p: 0.005). Conclusion: An antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 was noted in a CP donor on the 244th day. The average IgG ratios were higher in the CP donors with the AB blood group, but lower in the O blood group. These results may be considered a valuable indication of the effectiveness of CP therapy used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with clinically relevant blood types.

scholarly journals Characterization of antibody response in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Marchi ◽  
Viviani Simonetta ◽  
Edmond Remarque ◽  
Antonella Ruello ◽  
Emilio Bombardieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is causing high morbidity and mortality burden worldwide with unprecedented strain on health care systems. To elucidate the mechanism of infection, protection, or rapid evolution until fatal outcome of the disease we performed a study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients to investigate the time course of the antibody response in relation to the outcome. In comparison we investigated the time course of the antibody response in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic subjects. Study results show that patients produce a strong antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 with high correlation between different viral antigens (spike protein and nucleoprotein) and among antibody classes (IgA, IgG, and IgM and neutralizing antibodies). The peak is reached by 3 weeks from hospital admission followed by a sharp decrease. No difference was observed in any parameter of the antibody classes, including neutralizing antibodies, between subjects who recovered or with fatal outcome. Only few asymptomatic subjects developed antibodies at detectable levels.

scholarly journals New Enzyme Immunoassays for Sensitive Detection of CirculatingCandida albicans Mannan and Antimannan Antibodies: Useful Combined Test for Diagnosis of Systemic Candidiasis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1510-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boualem Sendid ◽  
Marc Tabouret ◽  
Jean Louis Poirot ◽  
Daniel Mathieu ◽  
Jeanine Fruit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
Antibody Levels

Two standardized enzyme immunoassays for the serological diagnosis of candidiasis were developed. The first one detects antimannan antibodies, while the second one detects mannan with a sensitivity of 0.1 ng/ml. These tests were applied to 162 serum samples retrospectively selected from 43 patients with mycologically and clinically proven candidiasis caused by Candida albicans. Forty-three serum samples were positive for mannan, and 63 had significant antibody levels. Strikingly, only five serum samples were simultaneously positive by both tests. When the results were analyzed per patient, 36 (84%) presented at least one serum positive by one test. For 30 of them, positivity by one test was always associated with negative results by the other test for any of the tested sera. For six patients whose sera were positive for either an antigen or an antibody response, a balance between positivity by each test was evidenced by kinetic analysis of sera drawn during the time course of the infection. Controls consisted of 98 serum samples from healthy individuals, 93 serum samples from patients hospitalized in intensive care units, and 39 serum samples from patients with deep mycoses. The sensitivities and specificities were 40 and 98% and 53 and 94% for mannanemia or antibody detection, respectively. These values reached 80 and 93%, respectively, when the results of both tests were combined. These observations, which clearly demonstrate a disparity between circulation of a given mannan catabolite and antimannan antibody response, suggest that use of both enzyme immunoassays may be useful for the routine diagnosis of candidiasis.

scholarly journals Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease. III. Time-course and correlation between the response to native nuclease and the response to its polypeptide fragments.

1977 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Berzofsky ◽  
A N Schechter ◽  
G M Shearer ◽  
D H Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Staphylococcal Nuclease ◽  
High Responder ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
The Common ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Or Genes

The progression of the Ir gene-controlled antibody response to staphylococcal nuclease in mice with repeated immunizations has been examined. H-2-linked control of the response to a single immunization with 100 mug of nuclease in complete Freund's adjuvant was confirmed. However, among strains of the high responder H-2a haplotype, the response of the A/J mice was about 10-fold higher than that of the B10.A, indicating additional non-H-2-linked control. In addition, the low responder C57BL/10 (H-2b) strain produced antibody levels as high as or higher than those of the congenic high responder B10.A (H-2a) strain when both strains were repeatedly immunized, indicating complexity even in the H-2-linked control of the response to this small monomeric protein. Polypeptide fragments of nuclease were also studied as immunogens. The antibody response to one fragment (residues 99-149) was found to follow the same pattern among five strains tested as that to whole nuclease. However, in this case the C57BL/10 was found to be a nonresponder rather than a low responder, failing to develop a response despite repeated immunizations. In contrast, the C57BL/10 showed a low but significant response to another fragment (residues 1-126) of nuclease. These results suggest that the apparent H-2-linked control of the response to whole nuclease is a reflection of the ability to recognize a determinant(s) in the region from residues 99 to 149, and that the eventual response of the C57BL/10 strain after hyperimmunization reflects the recognition of other determinants. If these observations reflect the common recognition of a determinant on native nuclease and on a random-conformation fragment, they have implications about the conformational specificity of the receptors, or the flexibility of the determinants, involved in H-2-linked Ir-gene control. In addition, evidence is presented for a possible second H-2-linked gene (or genes) controlling the response to other determinants of nuclease expressed on the polypeptide fragments.

Time-course of antibody response in mice against oral infection with eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MATSUMOTO ◽  
K. YAGI ◽  
N. NONAKA ◽  
Y. OKU ◽  
M. KAMIYA
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Akr Mice ◽  
Germinal Cells ◽  
Laminated Layer

The kinetics of serum antibody response against infection with Echinococcus multilocularis eggs was evaluated in AKR mice. The animals were infected by oral inoculation with 300 parasite eggs, and necropsied at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 16 weeks post-infection (p.i.), respectively. The parasite formed the laminated layer at 4 weeks p.i., the brood capsule with a massive proliferation of germinal cells at 9 weeks p.i. and protoscoleces at 16 weeks p.i. Serum antibody responses of the mice to antigen preparations from metacestodes of different stages and protoscoleces were evaluated by ELISA, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. In ELISA, the antibody responses began to increase at 4 weeks and became more apparent at 9 weeks p.i. and thereafter. Immunoblots using sera collected at 16 weeks p.i. showed some common bands among the 3 different antigen preparations. In addition to this, the germinal cells and brood capsules of mature metacestodes were stained strongly in an immunohistochemical study. From above, it is suggested that some antigen molecules are expressed in the parasite through these stages and stimulated host antibody responses.

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