scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder is related to endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by mutations in the synaptic cell adhesion molecule, CADM1

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. e47-e47 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fujita ◽  
H Dai ◽  
Y Tanabe ◽  
Y Zhiling ◽  
T Yamagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

Possibility that the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder is Induced by Failure of the Glutamine-Glutamate Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Koichi Kawada ◽  
Nobuyuki Kuramoto ◽  
Seisuke Mimori
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disease ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Brain

: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease, and the number of patients has increased rapidly in recent years. The causes of ASD involve both genetic and environmental factors, but the details of causation have not yet been fully elucidated. Many reports have investigated genetic factors related to synapse formation, and alcohol and tobacco have been reported as environmental factors. This review focuses on endoplasmic reticulum stress and amino acid cycle abnormalities (particularly glutamine and glutamate) induced by many environmental factors. In the ASD model, since endoplasmic reticulum stress is high in the brain from before birth, it is clear that endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the development of ASD. On the other hand, one report states that excessive excitation of neurons is caused by the onset of ASD. The glutamine-glutamate cycle is performed between neurons and glial cells and controls the concentration of glutamate and GABA in the brain. These neurotransmitters are also known to control synapse formation and are important in constructing neural circuits. Theanine is a derivative of glutamine and a natural component of green tea. Theanine inhibits glutamine uptake in the glutamine-glutamate cycle via slc38a1 without affecting glutamate; therefore, we believe that theanine may prevent the onset of ASD by changing the balance of glutamine and glutamate in the brain.

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