scholarly journals Total Cerebral Blood Flow and Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Arterial Disease. the SMART-MR Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1727-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnoud Jan Gilbert Knoops ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
Auke Peter Adriaan Appelman ◽  
Willem Petrus Theodorus Maria Mali ◽  
Mirjam Irene Geerlings
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
P Value ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional

It has been suggested that compared with other brain tissues, the hippocampus in particular is vulnerable to chronic hypoperfusion. We investigated whether total parenchymal cerebral blood flow (pCBF) was associated with hippocampal atrophy, and also whether this relationship was modified by white matter lesions (WMLs). In a cross-sectional analysis within the SMART-MR (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-magnetic resonance) study, which is a cohort study among patients with arterial disease, total CBF (tCBF) and hippocampal volume were assessed in 392 patients (mean age: 62±9 years, 84% men). Total CBF was expressed in per 100 mL brain volume for obtaining pCBF. Manual volumetric measurements of the hippocampus were carried out on a three-dimensional fast field-echo T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan with isotropic voxels. Automated brain segmentation was used to quantify volumes of the WML and the total brain. A linear regression analysis showed that reduced pCBF was not associated with smaller hippocampal volume after adjustments were made for age and sex. The association attenuated further after additional adjustments were made for vascular risk factors, lacunar infarcts, and WMLs ( β=0.01 mL per s.d. decrease in pCBF; 95% confidence interval: −0.06 to 0.08). The association was not modified by WML ( P-value for interaction term pCBF∗WML=0.84). We found no evidence of the fact that lower parenchymal blood flow contributes to the neurodegeneration of the hippocampus in a population of patients with arterial disease.

scholarly journals Total Cerebral Blood Flow, White Matter Lesions and Brain Atrophy: The SMART-MR Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auke PA Appelman ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
Koen L Vincken ◽  
Audrey M Tiehuis ◽  
Theo D Witkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Mr Study

We investigated whether total cerebral blood flow (CBF) was associated with brain atrophy, and whether this relation was modified by white matter lesions (WML). Within the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-magnetic resonance (SMART-MR) study, a prospective cohort study among patients with arterial disease, cross-sectional analyses were performed in 828 patients (mean age 58±10 years, 81% male) with quantitative flow, atrophy, and WML measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Total CBF was measured with MR angiography and was expressed per 100 mL brain volume. Total brain volume and ventricular volume were divided by intracranial volume to obtain brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and ventricular fraction (VF). Lower BPF indicates more global brain atrophy, whereas higher VF indicates more subcortical brain atrophy. Mean CBF was 52.0±10.2 mL/min per 100 mL, mean BPF was 79.2±2.9%, and mean VF was 2.03±0.96%. Linear regression analyses showed that lower CBF was associated with more subcortical brain atrophy, after adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, intima-media thickness, and lacunar infarcts, but only in patients with moderate to severe WML (upper quartile of WML): Change in VF per s.d. decrease in CBF 0.18%, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.34%. Our findings suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion in the presence of WML may be associated with subcortical brain atrophy.

Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and changes in cerebral blood flow: the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance study

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1417-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieternella H. van der Veen ◽  
Majon Muller ◽  
Koen L. Vincken ◽  
Jan Westerink ◽  
Willem P.T.M. Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Study

scholarly journals Heritability and genome-wide associations studies of cerebral blood flow in the general population

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1598-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Arfan Ikram ◽  
Hazel I Zonneveld ◽  
Gennady Roshchupkin ◽  
Albert V Smith ◽  
Oscar H Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Genome Wide

Cerebral blood flow is an important process for brain functioning and its dysregulation is implicated in multiple neurological disorders. While environmental risk factors have been identified, it remains unclear to what extent the flow is regulated by genetics. Here we performed heritability and genome-wide association analyses of cerebral blood flow in a population-based cohort study. We included 4472 persons free of cortical infarcts who underwent genotyping and phase-contrast magnetic resonance flow imaging (mean age 64.8 ± 10.8 years). The flow rate, cross-sectional area of the vessel, and flow velocity through the vessel were measured in the basilar artery and bilateral carotids. We found that the flow rate of the basilar artery is most heritable (h2 (SE) = 24.1 (9.8), p-value = 0.0056), and this increased over age. The association studies revealed two significant loci for the right carotid artery area (rs12546630, p-value = 2.0 × 10−8) and velocity (rs2971609, p-value = 1.4 × 10−8), with the latter showing a concordant effect in an independent sample (N = 1350, p-value = 0.057, meta-analyzed p-value = 2.5 × 10−9). These loci were also associated with other cerebral blood flow parameters below genome-wide significance, and rs2971609 lies in a known migraine locus. These findings establish that cerebral blood flow is under genetic control with potential relevance for neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in heavy cannabis users

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Koenders ◽  
V Lorenzetti ◽  
L de Haan ◽  
C Suo ◽  
WAM Vingerhoets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cannabis exposure, particularly heavy cannabis use, has been associated with neuroanatomical alterations in regions rich with cannabinoid receptors such as the hippocampus in some but not in other (mainly cross-sectional) studies. However, it remains unclear whether continued heavy cannabis use alters hippocampal volume, and whether an earlier age of onset and/or a higher dosage exacerbate these changes. Methods: Twenty heavy cannabis users (mean age 21 years, range 18–24 years) and 23 matched non-cannabis using healthy controls were submitted to a comprehensive psychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging scan at baseline and at follow-up (average of 39 months post-baseline; standard deviation=2.4). Cannabis users started smoking around 16 years and smoked on average five days per week. A novel aspect of the current study is that hippocampal volume estimates were obtained from manual tracing the hippocampus on T1-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scans, using a previously validated protocol. Results: Compared to controls, cannabis users did not show hippocampal volume alterations at either baseline or follow-up. Hippocampal volumes increased over time in both cannabis users and controls, following similar trajectories of increase. Cannabis dose and age of onset of cannabis use did not affect hippocampal volumes. Conclusions: Continued heavy cannabis use did not affect hippocampal neuroanatomical changes in early adulthood. This contrasts with prior evidence on alterations in this region in samples of older adult cannabis users. In young adults using cannabis at this level, cannabis use may not be heavy enough to affect hippocampal neuroanatomy.

scholarly journals Multiple Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of White Matter Lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lin ◽  
Dilong Wang ◽  
Linfang Lan ◽  
Yuhua Fan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption

White matter lesions (WMLs), also known as leukoaraiosis (LA) or white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), are characterized mainly by hyperintensities on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. With the aging of the population and the development of imaging technology, the morbidity and diagnostic rates of WMLs are increasing annually. WMLs are not a benign process. They clinically manifest as cognitive decline and the subsequent development of dementia. Although WMLs are important, their pathogenesis is still unclear. This review elaborates on the advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of WMLs, focusing on anatomy, cerebral blood flow autoregulation, venous collagenosis, blood brain barrier disruption, and genetic factors. In particular, the attribution of WMLs to chronic ischemia secondary to venous collagenosis and cerebral blood flow autoregulation disruption seems reasonable. With the development of gene technology, the effect of genetic factors on the pathogenesis of WMLs is gaining gradual attention.

Early changes measured by magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and blood-brain barrier permeability following dexamethasone treatment in patients with brain tumors

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Østergaard ◽  
Fred H. Hochberg ◽  
James D. Rabinov ◽  
A. Gregory Sorensen ◽  
Michael Lev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. In this study the authors assessed the early changes in brain tumor physiology associated with glucocorticoid administration. Glucocorticoids have a dramatic effect on symptoms in patients with brain tumors over a time scale ranging from minutes to a few hours. Previous studies have indicated that glucocorticoids may act either by decreasing cerebral blood volume (CBV) or blood-tumor barrier (BTB) permeability and thereby the degree of vasogenic edema.Methods. Using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the authors examined the acute changes in CBV, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and BTB permeability to gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid after administration of dexamethasone in six patients with brain tumors. In patients with acute decreases in BTB permeability after dexamethasone administration, changes in the degree of edema were assessed using the apparent diffusion coefficient of water.Conclusions. Dexamethasone was found to cause a dramatic decrease in BTB permeability and regional CBV but no significant changes in CBF or the degree of edema. The authors found that MR imaging provides a powerful tool for investigating the pathophysiological changes associated with the clinical effects of glucocorticoids.

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