Energy materials: If you can't beat them, join them

Nature China ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Materials

Renewable Energy Resources for Better Economics and Sustainable Living in Rural and Desert Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171
Author(s):  
Karl Gatterer ◽  
◽  
Salah Arafa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Sustainable Community Development ◽  
Access To Knowledge

Reliable and affordable energy is the key for the socio-economic development in rural and desert communities worldwide. While energy can be used for consumption purposes such as Lighting, Access to Information, Comfort and Entertainment, productive use of renewable energy is the key enabler for SMEs and Economy to grow. The paper examines the complex interactions among Energy, Materials, Water, Food, Building, Employment and Environment. It also discusses the implementation of renewable energy technologies to overcome some of barriers faced by rural villages and desert communities. It shows some of the special applications and approaches used over the past few decades in energy conversion, consumption and conservation to achieve poverty reduction, social justice and sustainable development. Field experiences in Basaisa projects, Egypt showed that open free dialogues with all stakeholders, site-specific education and training, appropriate local financing systems and access to knowledge are key-elements and essential factors for achieving green economy and sustainable community development. The coming decade will see a continued expansion of knowledge about renewable energy resources and its useful applications as systems friendly to the environment and as tools for economic activities, sustainable living and growth in rural and desert communities.

Novel CO2-Thermic Oxidation Process with Mg-Based Intermetallic Compounds and Its Application to Energy Storage Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghwan Cha ◽  
Jung-In Lee ◽  
Panpan Dong ◽  
Xiahui Zhang ◽  
Min-Kyu Song
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
A Value ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Novel Strategy

A novel strategy for the oxidation of Mg-based intermetallic compounds using CO<sub>2</sub> as an oxidizing agent was realized via simple thermal treatment, called ‘CO2-thermic Oxidation Process (CO-OP)’. Furthermore, as a value-added application, electrochemical properties of one of the reaction products (carbon-coated macroporous silicon) was evaluated. Considering the facile tunability of the chemical/physical properties of Mg-based intermetallics, we believe that this route can provide a simple and versatile platform for functional energy materials synthesis as well as CO<sub>2</sub> chemical utilization in an environment-friendly and sustainable way.

EFFECT OF BORON ON THE COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF METALLIZED HIGH-ENERGY MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Korotkikh ◽  
◽  
I. Sorokin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Equilibrium Composition ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Solid Propellants ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
High Energy Materials ◽  
Condensed Combustion Products ◽  
Active Fuel Binder

The paper presents the results of thermodynamic calculations of the effect of pure boron additives on combustion characteristics of high-energy materials (HEM) based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, active fuel-binder, and powders of aluminum Al, titanium Ti, magnesium Mg, and boron B. The combustion parameters and the equilibrium composition of condensed combustion products (CCPs) of HEM model compositions were obtained with thermodynamic calculation program “Terra.” The compositions of solid propellants with different ratios of metals (Al/B, Ti/B, Mg/B, and Al/Mg/B) were considered. The combustion temperature Tad in a combustion chamber, the vacuum specific impulse J at the nozzle exit, and the mass fraction ma of the CCPs for HEMs were determined.

THERMAL BEHAVIOR AND IGNITION OF HIGH-ENERGY MATERIALS CONTAINING B, ALB2, AND TIB2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Korotkikh ◽  
◽  
V. A. Arkhipov ◽  
I. V. Sorokin ◽  
E. A. Selikhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Heat Flux Density ◽  
Ignition Delay Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
High Energy Materials

The paper presents the results of ignition and thermal behavior for samples of high-energy materials (HEM) based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium nitrate (AN), active binder and powders of Al, B, AlB2, and TiB2. A CO2 laser with a heat flux density range of 90-200 W/cm2 was used for studies of ignition. The activation energy and characteristics of ignition for the HEM samples were determined. Also, the ignition delay time and the surface temperature of the reaction layer during the heating and ignition for the HEM samples were determined. It was found that the complete replacement of micron-sized aluminum powder by amorphous boron in a HEM sample leads to a considerable decrease in the ignition delay time by a factor of 2.2-2.8 at the same heat flux density due to high chemical activity and the difference in the oxidation mechanisms of boron particles. The use of aluminum diboride in a HEM sample allows one to reduce the ignition delay time of a HEM sample by a factor of 1.7-2.2. The quasi-stationary ignition temperature is the same for the AlB2-based and AlB12-based HEM samples.

The Energy of the Electrostatic Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Igor’ P. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Field ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Target System ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Maximum Work

The work is actual due to the increased role of electrostatic energy in connection with the beginning of mass production of ionistors used in the power supply system of electric vehicles, and the need for the development of theoretical support. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the correctness of electrostatic calculations that exclude the possibility of obtaining unreliable results in the form of infinite electrostatic energy. (Materials and methods) Authors have used methods of mathematical modeling and analysis, studied the mathematical model as the equivalent of an object that reflects in mathematical form its most important properties, such as the laws that it obeys, and the relationships inherent in its constituent parts. (Results and discussion) Authors have studied the electrostatic field created by a system of two charges of the same name or different names. The article presents calculations for charges located in bodies that have the shape of balls. It was found that the results could be generalized to any form of charged objects. They gave three definitions: first, the total stored energy is the energy of the system or object, equal to the maximum work that the system or object can do if it is given such an opportunity. Second, the conditional realized stored energy is a part of the total stored energy of the system or object, equal to the work that the system or object can produce, limited by a condition that excludes the possibility of the system or object performing the maximum work that the system or object can hypothetically perform. The third is a conditional impossible reserved energy as a part of a complete stored energy system or an object that is equal to the work system or object can do and limited by the condition, which excludes the possibility of making a system or object maximum work that target system or object could hypothetically do. Five theorems were proved. (Conclusions) It was found that the main drawback of the actual potential energy formula is an infinitely large increase in energy at radius tending to 0. The obtained formulas for stored electrostatic energy are devoid of this drawback.

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