scholarly journals The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Ferrario ◽  
Michael W. Beck ◽  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Fiorenza Micheli ◽  
Christine C. Shepard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Hazard Risk

scholarly journals Rigorously valuing the role of U.S. coral reefs in coastal hazard risk reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Borja G. Reguero ◽  
Aaron D. Cole ◽  
Erik Lowe ◽  
James B. Shope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Hazard Risk

Mangroves, Tropical Cyclones, and Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction

2015 ◽  
pp. 403-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna McIvor ◽  
Thomas Spencer ◽  
Mark Spalding ◽  
Carmen Lacambra ◽  
Iris Möller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Hazard Risk

scholarly journals Coral Reef Restorations Can Be Optimized to Reduce Coastal Flooding Hazards

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floortje E. Roelvink ◽  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Ap R. van Dongeren ◽  
Stuart G. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Fore Reef ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Flooding Hazards

Coral reefs are effective natural coastal flood barriers that protect adjacent communities. Coral degradation compromises the coastal protection value of reefs while also reducing their other ecosystem services, making them a target for restoration. Here we provide a physics-based evaluation of how coral restoration can reduce coastal flooding for various types of reefs. Wave-driven flooding reduction is greatest for broader, shallower restorations on the upper fore reef and between the middle of the reef flat and the shoreline than for deeper locations on the fore reef or at the reef crest. These results indicate that to increase the coastal hazard risk reduction potential of reef restoration, more physically robust species of coral need to be outplanted to shallower, more energetic locations than more fragile, faster-growing species primarily being grown in coral nurseries. The optimization and quantification of coral reef restoration efforts to reduce coastal flooding may open hazard risk reduction funding for conservation purposes.

The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja G. Reguero ◽  
Curt D. Storlazzi ◽  
Ann E. Gibbs ◽  
James B. Shope ◽  
Aaron D. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Risk Reduction

scholarly journals COASTAL STORM INDUCED EROSION PREDICTIONS FOR FEMA FIS COASTAL HAZARD RISK MAPPING

2018 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Christina Lindemer ◽  
Jeffrey Gangai ◽  
Christopher Mack ◽  
Elena Drei-Horgan ◽  
Darryl Hatheway
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Flood Insurance ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
National Flood Insurance Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Insurance Program ◽  
Erosion Hazards ◽  
Regulations And Guidelines

Flood Insurance Studies (FISs) produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) per the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) regulations and guidelines adopt storm-induced erosion criteria often called the “540 rule”. The methods used in the erosion analysis have been in place since the 1980s. The method requires dunes to be classified as fully eroded, or “removed”, when their cross-sectional reservoir is smaller than 540 square feet. Since the rule’s first application, additional data and recent evidence have become available leading FEMA to identify this approach as an area of the program in need of updating and improvement. Experts involved in conducting coastal hazard analyses for FEMA studies recommend exploring opportunities to improve FEMA guidelines for erosion criterion and revise NFIP regulations and guidance, as needed, to ensure that storm-related erosion hazards are appropriately evaluated and mapped along US coastlines.

scholarly journals Living Beside the Rising Tide: Adapting to Sea Level Rise in Auckland, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Georgina Hart
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Mission Bay ◽  
Coastal Adaptation ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Auckland Region

<p>The Earth's climate system is entering a period of dynamic change after millennia of relatively stable climate. Coastal communities will need to adapt to dynamically shifting coastal environments as the climate system changes and sea levels rise. This study adds to a growing literature that investigates coastal vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience to climate change. It investigates regional scale social and institutional barriers to adaptation to sea level rise; examines the exposure, sensitivity and adaptation options at two coastal settlements in the Auckland region – Mission Bay/Kohimarama and Kawakawa Bay; and it analyses coastal adaptation response options from a resilience perspective. Mission Bay/Kohimarama and Kawakawa Bay, Auckland will experience increasing coastal hazard risk as the numbers of people and property potentially affected by storm events increases as sea level rises. Findings from the present study suggest that existing settlements in the Auckland region may already be 'locked in' to a coastal adaptation approach focused on maintaining the current coastline through coastal stabilisation, an approach that will decrease community resilience and increase vulnerability in the long term, even if this is found to be a successful response in the short term. Retreat offers an alternative approach that is strongly aligned with reducing community vulnerability and increasing resilience; however, strong opposition from communities to any retreat approach is expected. Developing trusted climate science information, education around coastal hazard risk, and participatory community led decision-making are identified as central enablers for a retreat approach to be included as a viable coastal adaptation option for communities in the Auckland region.</p>

Progress in natural hazard risk reduction: What hath development wrought?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen O. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Hazard Risk

Planning Systems for Natural Hazard Risk Reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technical Capacity

Planning systems are essentially a layer of guidance or legal requirements that sit atop plans of any type at any governmental level at or below the source of that guidance. In the case of natural hazard risk reduction, they involve rules or laws dealing with plans to reduce loss of life or property from such events. In much of the world, this is either unexplored territory or the frontier of public planning; very little of what exists in this realm predates the 1980s, although one can find earlier roots of the public discussion behind such systems. That said, the evolution of such systems in 21st century has been fairly rapid, at least in those nations with the resources and technical capacity to pursue the subject. Driven largely by substantial increases in disaster losses and growing concern about worldwide impacts of climate change, research, technology, and lessons from practice have grown apace. However, that progress has been uneven and subject to inequities in resources and governmental capacity.

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