scholarly journals Dynamics and function of compact nucleosome arrays

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Poirier ◽  
Eugene Oh ◽  
Hannah S Tims ◽  
Jonathan Widom
Keyword(s):  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nucleosome Arrays

scholarly journals Exploring the microbiome in health and disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 239784731774188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Scotti ◽  
Stéphanie Boué ◽  
Giuseppe Lo Sasso ◽  
Filippo Zanetti ◽  
Vincenzo Belcastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
And Function

The analysis of human microbiome is an exciting and rapidly expanding field of research. In the past decade, the biological relevance of the microbiome for human health has become evident. Microbiome comprises a complex collection of microorganisms, with their genes and metabolites, colonizing different body niches. It is now well known that the microbiome interacts with its host, assisting in the bioconversion of nutrients and detoxification, supporting immunity, protecting against pathogenic microbes, and maintaining health. Remarkable new findings showed that our microbiome not only primarily affects the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract but also has a strong influence on general body health through its close interaction with the nervous system and the lung. Therefore, a perfect and sensitive balanced interaction of microbes with the host is required for a healthy body. In fact, growing evidence suggests that the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota can be influenced by many factors, including genetics, diet, age, and toxicological agents like cigarette smoke, environmental contaminants, and drugs. The disruption of this balance, that is called dysbiosis, is associated with a plethora of diseases, including metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontitis, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The importance of the host microbiome for the human health has also led to the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches focused on the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful roles. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate not only the role of microbiome in health conditions and the possible link with various types of diseases but also the influence of various toxicological factors on the microbial composition and function.

scholarly journals Critical requirement of SOS1 RAS-GEF function for mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and redox homeostasis

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rósula García-Navas ◽  
Pilar Liceras-Boillos ◽  
Carmela Gómez ◽  
Fernando C. Baltanás ◽  
Nuria Calzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Oxidative Energy Metabolism ◽  
Ras Activation ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control

AbstractSOS1 ablation causes specific defective phenotypes in MEFs including increased levels of intracellular ROS. We showed that the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO restores normal endogenous ROS levels, suggesting predominant involvement of mitochondria in generation of this defective SOS1-dependent phenotype. The absence of SOS1 caused specific alterations of mitochondrial shape, mass, and dynamics accompanied by higher percentage of dysfunctional mitochondria and lower rates of electron transport in comparison to WT or SOS2-KO counterparts. SOS1-deficient MEFs also exhibited specific alterations of respiratory complexes and their assembly into mitochondrial supercomplexes and consistently reduced rates of respiration, glycolysis, and ATP production, together with distinctive patterns of substrate preference for oxidative energy metabolism and dependence on glucose for survival. RASless cells showed defective respiratory/metabolic phenotypes reminiscent of those of SOS1-deficient MEFs, suggesting that the mitochondrial defects of these cells are mechanistically linked to the absence of SOS1-GEF activity on cellular RAS targets. Our observations provide a direct mechanistic link between SOS1 and control of cellular oxidative stress and suggest that SOS1-mediated RAS activation is required for correct mitochondrial dynamics and function.

scholarly journals Dynamics and mechanism of ultrafast water–protein interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (30) ◽  
pp. 8424-8429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangzhong Qin ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Dongping Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Hydration Shell ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Ultrafast Dynamics ◽  
Hydration Water ◽  
Water Side ◽  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
And Function

Protein hydration is essential to its structure, dynamics, and function, but water–protein interactions have not been directly observed in real time at physiological temperature to our awareness. By using a tryptophan scan with femtosecond spectroscopy, we simultaneously measured the hydration water dynamics and protein side-chain motions with temperature dependence. We observed the heterogeneous hydration dynamics around the global protein surface with two types of coupled motions, collective water/side-chain reorientation in a few picoseconds and cooperative water/side-chain restructuring in tens of picoseconds. The ultrafast dynamics in hundreds of femtoseconds is from the outer-layer, bulk-type mobile water molecules in the hydration shell. We also found that the hydration water dynamics are always faster than protein side-chain relaxations but with the same energy barriers, indicating hydration shell fluctuations driving protein side-chain motions on the picosecond time scales and thus elucidating their ultimate relationship.

Does metformin modulate mitochondrial dynamics and function in type 2 diabetic patients?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranzazu Martinez de Marañón ◽  
Francisco Gerardo Canet ◽  
Zaida Abad-Jimenez ◽  
Ana Jover ◽  
Carlos Morillas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Conformational stability, dynamics and function of human frataxin: Tryptophan side chain interplay

2021 ◽  
pp. 109086
Author(s):  
Lucía D. Espeche ◽  
Karl Ellioth Sewell ◽  
Ignacio H. Castro ◽  
Luciana Capece ◽  
María Florencia Pignataro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Stability ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
Stability Dynamics ◽  
And Function
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