Disparities in childhood overweight and obesity by income in the United States: an epidemiological examination using three nationally representative datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1210-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Weaver ◽  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
Ethan Hunt ◽  
Mark A. Sarzynski ◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenab I. Yusuf ◽  
Deepa Dongarwar ◽  
Rafeek A Yusuf ◽  
Meishon Bell ◽  
Toi Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
College Education ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the foremost threats to population health in the United States (U.S.) leading to the emergence of co-morbidities and increased healthcare cost. We explore the influence of selected social determinants of health (SDOH) on overweight and obesity among U.S. children. Methods: We utilized the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2016-17 dataset for this analysis. Overweight was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ? 85 th to<95 th , while obesity was defined as BMI ?95 th percentile for age and sex. Based on the literature and pathway plausibility, we examined several SDOH variables as predictors of childhood overweight or obesity in the US. Survey log-binomial regression models were built to generate prevalence ratio (PR) estimates to capture the associations between SDOH and overweight or obesity. Results: About 30.6 million children were surveyed of which 9.5 million (31.0%) were either overweight or obese. The likelihood of obesity was elevated among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01-2.31) and (PR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.18-1.90) respectively. Overweight was more frequent in younger children, children of single parents, and children who lived in a neighborhood with no amenities. Parental attainment of college education, health insurance coverage, female gender, and language spoken in home other than Spanish were protective against overweight or obesity. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: SDOH represent markers of overweight or obesity in children. We recommend the development of innovative interventions using SDOH risk and protective pathways as guide to address the current epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity. Key words: • Social determinants • Obesity • Overweight • SDOH • Children • United States   Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Television food advertising and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity: a multicountry comparison

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janny M Goris ◽  
Solveig Petersen ◽  
Emmanuel Stamatakis ◽  
J Lennert Veerman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Advertising Exposure

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the contribution of television (TV) food advertising to the prevalence of obesity among 6–11-year-old children in Australia, Great Britain (England and Scotland only), Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden and the United States.DesignData from contemporary representative studies on the prevalence of childhood obesity and on TV food advertising exposure in the above countries were entered into a mathematical simulation model. Two different effect estimators were used to calculate the reduction in prevalence of overweight and obesity in the absence of TV food advertising in each country; one based on literature and one based on experts’ estimates.SettingSix- to eleven-year-old children in six Western countries.ResultsEstimates of the average exposure of children to TV food advertising range from 1·8 min/d in The Netherlands to 11·5 min/d in the United States. Its contribution to the prevalence of childhood obesity is estimated at 16 %–40 % in the United States, 10 %–28 % in Australia and Italy and 4 %–18 % in Great Britain, Sweden and The Netherlands.ConclusionsThe contribution of TV advertising of foods and drinks to the prevalence of childhood obesity differs distinctly by country and is likely to be significant in some countries.

How is children’s weight status assessed for early identification of overweight and obesity? – Narrative review of programs for weight status assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Davidson ◽  
Helen Vidgen ◽  
Elizabeth Denney-Wilson ◽  
Lynne Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Routine Identification ◽  
Status Assessment

Assessment of a child’s weight status is the first step in the management of childhood overweight and obesity. We reviewed routine assessment programs to inform early and routine identification of childhood overweight and obesity to address this global health issue. Twelve electronic databases were searched (Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PsycEXTRA, CINAHL, Primary Search, MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Elite) for universal programs for weight status assessment of children aged 4–12 in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development – countries, which included more than one assessment and parents receiving feedback. Of 1638 papers found via database searches, and 18 additional records identified through other sources, 26 were included. Reference to five countries’ programs for weight status assessment was found in the results: Australia, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. All of these programs were implemented in a school setting. Lack of services, stakeholder collaboration, parental awareness and engagement and government funding need to be improved for this health check to be undertaken as a part of an ongoing program. This review is about the implementation of similar programs. Early identification of risk for overweight and obesity allows families that require help to connect with available health services.

scholarly journals Tracking implementation within a community-led whole of system approach to address childhood overweight and obesity in south west Sydney, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Maitland ◽  
Karen Wardle ◽  
Jill Whelan ◽  
Bin Jalaludin ◽  
Doug Creighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Implementation Data

Abstract Background Obesity is a chronic disease that contributes to additional comorbidities including diabetes, kidney disease and several cancers. Change4Campbelltown implemented a ‘whole of system’ approach to address childhood overweight and obesity. We present methods to track implementation and stakeholder engagement in Change4Campbelltown. Methods Change4Campbelltown aimed to build capacity among key leaders and the broader community to apply techniques from systems thinking to develop community-led actions that address childhood obesity. Change4Campbelltown comprised development of a stakeholder-informed Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) and locally-tailored action plan, formation of key stakeholder and community working groups to prioritise and implement actions, and continuous monitoring of intervention actions. Implementation data included an action register, stakeholder engagement database and key engagement activities and were collected quarterly by the project management team over 2 years of reporting. Results Engagement activities increased level of community engagement amongst key leaders, the school-sector and community members. Community-led action increased as engagement increased and this action is mapped directly to the primary point of influence on the CLD. As action spread diversified across the CLD, the geographical spread of action within the community increased. Conclusions This paper provides a pragmatic example of the methods used to track implementation of complex interventions that are addressing childhood overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Real-World Utilization of Oral Anticancer Agents Costs in Older Adults with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the United States

Kidney Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Wilson ◽  
Lisa Spees ◽  
Jessica Pritchard ◽  
Melissa A. Greiner ◽  
Charles D. Scales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Oral Anticancer Agents

Background: Substantial racial and socioeconomic disparities in metastatic RCC (mRCC) have persisted following the introduction of targeted oral anticancer agents (OAAs). The relationship between patient characteristics and OAA access and costs that may underlie persistent disparities in mRCC outcomes have not been examined in a nationally representative patient population. Methods: Retrospective SEER-Medicare analysis of patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2007–2015 over age 65 with Medicare part D prescription drug coverage. Associations between patient characteristics, OAA receipt, and associated costs were analyzed in the 12 months following mRCC diagnosis and adjusted to 2015 dollars. Results: 2,792 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 32.4%received an OAA. Most patients received sunitinib (57%) or pazopanib (28%) as their first oral therapy. Receipt of OAA did not differ by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic indicators. Patients of advanced age (>  80 years), unmarried patients, and patients residing in the Southern US were less likely to receive OAAs. The mean inflation-adjusted 30-day cost to Medicare of a patient’s first OAA prescription nearly doubled from $3864 in 2007 to $7482 in 2015, while patient out-of-pocket cost decreased from $2409 to $1477. Conclusion: Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were not associated with decreased OAA receipt in patients with mRCC; however, residing in the Southern United States was, as was marital status. Surprisingly, the cost to Medicare of an initial OAA prescription nearly doubled from 2007 to 2015, while patient out-of-pocket costs decreased substantially. Shifts in OAA costs may have significant economic implications in the era of personalized medicine.

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