scholarly journals COVID-19—from mucosal immunology to IBD patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Weidinger ◽  
Ahmed Nabil Hegazy ◽  
Rainer Glauben ◽  
Britta Siegmund
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mucosal Immunology ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractViral infections with SARS-CoV-2 can cause a multi-facetted disease, which is not only characterized by pneumonia and overwhelming systemic inflammatory immune responses, but which can also directly affect the digestive system and infect intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we review the current understanding of intestinal tropism of SARS-CoV-2 infection, its impact on mucosal function and immunology and summarize the effect of immune-suppression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on disease outcome of COVID-19 and discuss IBD-relevant implications for the clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.

scholarly journals Differential Alteration in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 7010-7017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Cario ◽  
Daniel K. Podolsky
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Innate Response ◽  
Response System ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

ABSTRACT Initiation and perpetuation of the inflammatory intestinal responses in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may result from an exaggerated host defense reaction of the intestinal epithelium to endogenous lumenal bacterial flora. Intestinal epithelial cell lines constitutively express several functional Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which appear to be key regulators of the innate response system. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression pattern of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 in primary intestinal epithelial cells from patients with IBD. Small intestinal and colonic biopsy specimens were collected from patients with IBD (Crohn's disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC]) and controls. Non-IBD specimens were assessed by immunofluorescence histochemistry using polyclonal antibodies specific for TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5. Primary intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) of normal mucosa constitutively expressed TLR3 and TLR5, while TLR2 and TLR4 were only barely detectable. In active IBD, the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 was differentially modulated in the intestinal epithelium. TLR3 was significantly downregulated in IEC in active CD but not in UC. In contrast, TLR4 was strongly upregulated in both UC and CD. TLR2 and TLR5 expression remained unchanged in IBD. These data suggest that IBD may be associated with distinctive changes in selective TLR expression in the intestinal epithelium, implying that alterations in the innate response system may contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders.

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