scholarly journals Prefrontal cortex interactions with the amygdala in primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Murray ◽  
Lesley K. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Darwinian Fitness ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Social Signaling ◽  
Social Rewards ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

AbstractThis review addresses functional interactions between the primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala, with emphasis on their contributions to behavior and cognition. The interplay between these two telencephalic structures contributes to adaptive behavior and to the evolutionary success of all primate species. In our species, dysfunction in this circuitry creates vulnerabilities to psychopathologies. Here, we describe amygdala–PFC contributions to behaviors that have direct relevance to Darwinian fitness: learned approach and avoidance, foraging, predator defense, and social signaling, which have in common the need for flexibility and sensitivity to specific and rapidly changing contexts. Examples include the prediction of positive outcomes, such as food availability, food desirability, and various social rewards, or of negative outcomes, such as threats of harm from predators or conspecifics. To promote fitness optimally, these stimulus–outcome associations need to be rapidly updated when an associative contingency changes or when the value of a predicted outcome changes. We review evidence from nonhuman primates implicating the PFC, the amygdala, and their functional interactions in these processes, with links to experimental work and clinical findings in humans where possible.

scholarly journals Refining the ecological brain: Strong relation between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and feeding ecology in five primate species

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Louail ◽  
Emmanuel Gilissen ◽  
Sandrine Prat ◽  
Cécile Garcia ◽  
Sébastien Bouret
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Strong Relation

General discussion

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1346) ◽  
pp. 1513-1514 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Theoretical Status ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

T. W. Robbins ( Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, U.K. ). I am not completely clear about the theoretical status of deactivation. In what circumstances is it an artefact of the data analysis and in what circumstances is it a real effect? In the case of it being a real effect then I would like to ask about the theoretical implications of deactivation particularly with respect to different areas within the prefrontal cortex. We have seen increases in activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in association with corresponding reductions in activity within medial prefrontal cortex in the context of the Tower of London task (Baker et al. 1996). We have also heard from Danny Weinberger that the impaired performance of schizophrenics on the wcst is associated with a reduction in activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex along with a corresponding enhancement in activity in the frontal pole, namely area 10. I am wondering therefore whether such reciprocal changes in activity are reflections of the reciprocal functional interactions that exist between different areas of prefrontal cortex?

scholarly journals Distributed coding of duration in rodent prefrontal cortex during time reproduction

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Henke ◽  
David Bunk ◽  
Dina von Werder ◽  
Stefan Häusler ◽  
Virginia L Flanagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Distributed Coding ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Regression Effect ◽  
Interval Reproduction

As we interact with the external world, we judge magnitudes from sensory information. The estimation of magnitudes has been characterized in primates, yet it is largely unexplored in non-primate species. Here we use time interval reproduction to study rodent behavior and its neural correlates in the context of magnitude estimation. We show that gerbils display primate-like magnitude estimation characteristics in time reproduction. Most prominently their behavioral responses show a systematic overestimation of small stimuli and an underestimation of large stimuli, often referred to as regression effect. We investigated the underlying neural mechanisms by recording from medial prefrontal cortex and show that the majority of neurons respond either during the measurement or the reproduction of a time interval. Cells that are active during both phases display distinct response patterns. We categorize the neural responses into multiple types and demonstrate that only populations with mixed responses can encode the bias of the regression effect. These results help unveil the organizing neural principles of time reproduction and perhaps magnitude estimation in general.

scholarly journals There is no fitness but fitness, and the lineage is its bearer

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1687) ◽  
pp. 20150085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erol Akçay ◽  
Jeremy Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Inclusive Fitness Theory ◽  
Darwinian Fitness ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Evolutionary Theory

Inclusive fitness has been the cornerstone of social evolution theory for more than a half-century and has matured as a mathematical theory in the past 20 years. Yet surprisingly for a theory so central to an entire field, some of its connections to evolutionary theory more broadly remain contentious or underappreciated. In this paper, we aim to emphasize the connection between inclusive fitness and modern evolutionary theory through the following fact: inclusive fitness is simply classical Darwinian fitness, averaged over social, environmental and demographic states that members of a gene lineage experience. Therefore, inclusive fitness is neither a generalization of classical fitness, nor does it belong exclusively to the individual. Rather, the lineage perspective emphasizes that evolutionary success is determined by the effect of selection on all biological and environmental contexts that a lineage may experience. We argue that this understanding of inclusive fitness based on gene lineages provides the most illuminating and accurate picture and avoids pitfalls in interpretation and empirical applications of inclusive fitness theory.

scholarly journals Functional Interactions of Ribosomal Intersubunit Bridges in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339
Author(s):  
Tiina Tamm ◽  
Ivan Kisly ◽  
Jaanus Remme
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Ribosomal Subunits ◽  
Eukaryotic Translation ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
A Minor

Ribosomes of Archaea and Eukarya share higher homology with each other than with bacterial ribosomes. For example, there is a set of 35 r-proteins that are specific only for archaeal and eukaryotic ribosomes. Three of these proteins—eL19, eL24, and eL41—participate in interactions between ribosomal subunits. The eukaryote-specific extensions of r-proteins eL19 and eL24 form two intersubunit bridges eB12 and eB13, which are present only in eukaryotic ribosomes. The third r-protein, eL41, forms bridge eB14. Notably, eL41 is found in all eukaryotes but only in some Archaea. It has been shown that bridges eB12 and eB13 are needed for efficient translation, while r-protein eL41 plays a minor role in ribosome function. Here, the functional interactions between intersubunit bridges were studied using budding yeast strains lacking different combinations of the abovementioned bridges/proteins. The growth phenotypes, levels of in vivo translation, ribosome–polysome profiles, and in vitro association of ribosomal subunits were analyzed. The results show a genetic interaction between r-protein eL41 and the eB12 bridge-forming region of eL19, and between r-proteins eL41 and eL24. It was possible to construct viable yeast strains with Archaea-like ribosomes lacking two or three eukaryote-specific bridges. These strains display slow growth and a poor translation phenotype. In addition, bridges eB12 and eB13 appear to cooperate during ribosome subunit association. These results indicate that nonessential structural elements of r-proteins become highly important in the context of disturbed subunit interactions. Therefore, eukaryote-specific bridges may contribute to the evolutionary success of eukaryotic translation machinery.

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