Oral microbiota of periodontal health and disease and their changes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy

Background: Resistin and adiponectin are the adipokines secreted by adipocytes and various inflammatory cells. These adipokines are known to play an important role in insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the serum resistin levels in periodontal health and disease and also, to determine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on its levels.Methods: A total of 40 patients (20 Males and 20 Females; age range 20–50 years) participated in the study. Subjects were categorized as healthy (group 1; Controls) and chronic periodontitis (group 2; Study) groups based on their periodontal status. Periodontal parameters (Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL)) together with serum resistin levels were assessed at baseline and between 6–8 weeks following nonsurgical periodontal therapy for subjects in group~2 and only at baseline in group 1. Sera were tested in duplicate (single run), and the results were averaged.Results: Study group showed higher (1.89 ± 1.83 ng/ml) serum resistin levels, compared to control group (1.35 ± 0.70 ng/ml). However, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.227). Also, resistin levels decreased following nonsurgical periodontal therapy but, this decrease failed to show any statistical significance, with pretreatment levels being 1.89 ± 1.83 ng/ml and post treatment levels being 1.59 ± 1.01 ng/ml (P=0.386).Conclusion: Observations of the present study revealed that there was not much difference in the serum resistin levels between the cases and the controls. Also the decrease in the resistin levels following nonsurgical periodontal therapy did not show any statistical significance.

Download Full-text

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on interleukin-34 levels in periodontal health and disease

Indian Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_527_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CN Guruprasad ◽

AR Pradeep

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Health And Disease

Download Full-text

Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-18 Level in Periodontal Health and Disease in Central Maharashtra (India) Population

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2180 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 1085-1089 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Monica J Mahajani ◽

Varsha A Jadhao ◽

Pooja S Wankhade ◽

Emmanuel Samson ◽

Vishwas D Acharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Interleukin 18 ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Group I ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Group Ii ◽

Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Aim The incidence and progression of the periodontal disease depend on periodontal microflora and the multifaceted response of the host, and these interactions are mediated by cytokines and chemokines. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 superfamily. The aim of the present study was the assessment of the periodontal therapy in IL-18 level in periodontal disease and health. Materials and methods Based on clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) patients were divided into three groups: Group I with healthy patients, group II with chronic periodontitis, and group III with posttreatment patients having periodontitis. Results Mean PI, PPD, CAL, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume were significantly higher in groups II and III compared with group I. However, there were no significant differences between GI in groups I, II, and III. The total amount of IL-18 in GCF was significantly higher in group II when compared with groups I and III (p < 0.05). Conclusion The present study confirmed that the IL-18 level in GCF was lower in healthy patients, higher in periodontally involved patients, and reduced at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Clinical significance The IL-18 might be hypothetically beneficial in distinguishing health from disease and monitoring periodontal disease activity. How to cite this article Mahajani MJ, Jadhao VA, Wankhade PS, Samson E, Acharya VD, Tekale PD. Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-18 Level in Periodontal Health and Disease in Central Maharashtra (India) Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1085-1089.

Download Full-text

Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Cystatin C Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2012/279295 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 101-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anuj Sharma ◽

A. R. Pradeep ◽

N. M. Raghavendra ◽

P. Arjun ◽

Rahul Kathariya

Keyword(s):

Cystatin C ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Healthy Group ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Cystatin C (CSTC) is an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases and could play a protective and regulatory role under inflammatory conditions. The present study was designed to assess the concentration of CSTC in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum, to find out their association if any, in periodontal health and disease. 30 subjects were selected divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 subjects in each group based on clinical parameters: periodontally healthy group, gingivitis group and chronic periodontitis group, while, chronic periodontitis group after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planing) constituted after periodontal therapy group. GCF and serum samples were collected from all subjects to estimate the levels of CSTC by ELISA. The mean CSTC concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in periodontitis group and lowest in periodontally healthy group with intermediate concentration in gingivitis group and after periodontal therapy group. CSTC concentration in GCF and serum increased proportionally with the severity of periodontal disease (from health to periodontitis group) and decreased after treatment. This suggests that CSTC increases with disease progression to prevent further periodontal degeneration and decreases after treatment due to bone metabolic homeostasis. Further, longitudinal prospective studies involving larger population are needed to confirm the findings of present study and to better understand the role of CSTC in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Download Full-text

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: a Review of Current Standards of Care and Innovations to Improve Gingival and Periodontal Health

Current Oral Health Reports ◽

10.1007/s40496-019-00224-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 177-187

Author(s):

Maria L. Geisinger ◽

Maninder Kaur ◽

Hussein Basma

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Standards Of Care ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Current Standards

Download Full-text

Fusobacterium nucleatum metabolically integrates commensals and pathogens in oral biofilms

10.1101/2021.06.23.449328 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akito Sakanaka ◽

Masae Kuboniwa ◽

Shuichi Shimma ◽

Samar A. Alghamdi ◽

Shota Mayumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Periodontal Pathogen ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Amino Acid Availability ◽

Metabolic Capability ◽

Oral Biofilms ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Biofilm Development ◽

Polymicrobial Communities

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common constituent of the oral microbiota in both periodontal health and disease. Previously, we discovered ornithine cross-feeding between F. nucleatum and Streptococcus gordonii, where S. gordonii secretes ornithine via an arginine-ornithine antiporter (ArcD), which in turn supports the growth and biofilm development of F. nucleatum; however, broader metabolic aspects of F. nucleatum within polymicrobial communities and their impact on periodontal pathogenesis have not been addressed. Here, we show that when co-cultured with S. gordonii, F. nucleatum increased amino acid availability to enhance the production of butyrate and putrescine, a polyamine produced by ornithine decarboxylation. Co-culture with Veillonella parvula, another common inhabitant of the oral microbiota, also increased lysine availability, promoting cadaverine production by F. nucleatum. We confirmed that ArcD-dependent ornithine excretion by S. gordonii results in synergistic putrescine production, and mass spectrometry imaging revealed this metabolic capability creates a putrescine-rich microenvironment inside F. nucleatum biofilms. We further demonstrated that polyamines caused significant changes in the biofilm phenotype of a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, with putrescine being a potent stimulator of biofilm development and dispersal, and confirmed that F. nucleatum-mediated conversion of ornithine to putrescine enhances biofilm formation by P. gingivalis. Lastly, analysis of plaque samples revealed cooccurrence of P. gingivalis with genetic modules for putrescine production by S. gordonii and F. nucleatum. Overall, our results highlight the ability of F. nucleatum to induce synergistic polyamine production within multi-species consortia, and provide insight into how the trophic web in oral biofilm ecosystems can eventually shape disease-associated communities.

Download Full-text