Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in European Americans

Abstract Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder ADHD, the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has not been extensively investigated. To determine whether mtDNA haplogroups influence risk of ADHD, we performed a case-control study comprising 2076 ADHD cases and 5078 healthy controls, all of whom were European decedents recruited from The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Associations between eight major European mtDNA Haplogroups and ADHD risk were assessed in three independent European cohorts. Meta-analysis of the three studies indicated that mtDNA haplogroups K (odds ratio = 0.69, P = 2.24 × 10−4, Pcorrected = 1.79 × 10−3) and U (odds ratio = 0.77, P = 8.88 × 10−4, Pcorrected = 7.11 × 10−3) were significantly associated with reduced risk of ADHD. In contrast, haplogroup HHV* (odds ratio = 1.18, P = 2.32 × 10−3, Pcorrected = 0.019) was significantly associated with increased risk of ADHD. Our results provide novel insight into the genetic basis of ADHD, implicating mitochondrial mechanisms in the pathophysiology of this relatively common psychiatric disorder.

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The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0115002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e115002 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kamal El Farouki ◽

Emmanuel Lagarde ◽

Ludivine Orriols ◽

Manuel-Pierre Bouvard ◽

Benjamin Contrand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Road Crashes ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

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The role of circadian rhythms in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity: A narrative review

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Frinné Galicia ◽

Patricia Zavaleta Ramírez ◽

Lino Villavicencio ◽

Francisco R. de la Peña ◽

Karla Garza Gallegos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

Background. A relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity has been consistently documented. Obesity and metabolic syndrome have been associated with misalignment between daily activities and circadian rhythm. ADHD patients have a high prevalence of delayed sleep phase syndrome, which is a circadian rhythm disorder. Understanding this relationship is important for the evaluation of obese population at risk. Objective. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the information updated until 2019 about the role of circadian rhythms in obese ADHD individuals. Method. A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar database. The terms ADHD, obesity, circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, adolescent, adult, Adolesc, circadian, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and child were combined with logical functions. Results. A total of 132 articles were reviewed. Evidence showed that ADHD subjects have an increased risk to present obesity and circadian rhythms disorders. Some possible pathways for this relationship have been hypothesized including obesity as a risk factor, an underpinned common biological dysfunction, and behavioral and cognitive features of individuals with ADHD. As most of the articles are methodologically cross-sectional, it is not possible to establish causative associations. Discussion and conclusion. This review points out the importance of early recognizing and treating circadian rhythms disorders and obesity in ADHD patients. Future studies must be carried out with a longitudinal design to establish the effect of each comorbidity in the treatment of individuals with ADHD.

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Impaired Interparental Relationships in Families of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000354 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 227 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lena Weyers ◽

Martina Zemp ◽

Georg W. Alpers

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract. Research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents has traditionally focused on the genetic and neurobiological aspects of the disorder, but the role of family relationships has been much less systematically examined. There is growing evidence that the quality of interparental relationships and a child’s ADHD symptoms are reciprocally related. Because the literature appears to be inconsistent, this meta-analysis aims to summarize previous research and assess whether there are robust differences in the quality of interparental relationships between parents of children with ADHD and parents of healthy children. This meta-analysis of 15 studies with 43 effect sizes revealed a small but significant difference ( d = .24), which indicates that parents of a child with ADHD report poorer relationship quality than parents of healthy children. This effect was moderated by the child’s age and did not depend on whether the child had a comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD). The causality of this relationship has yet to be determined.

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Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a systematic review, meta-analysis and quasi-experimental family-based study

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyaa040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 857-875

Author(s):

Lin Li ◽

Tyra Lagerberg ◽

Zheng Chang ◽

Samuele Cortese ◽

Mina A Rosenqvist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cox Models ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Maternal Overweight

Abstract Background Previous studies are inconclusive concerning the association between maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify this association. To address the variation in confounding adjustment between studies, especially inadequate adjustment of unmeasured familial confounding in most studies, we further performed cousin and sibling comparisons in a nationwide population-based cohort in Sweden. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO during 1975–2018. We used random-effects models to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval. In the population-based study, Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and HRs adjusted for all confounders identified in previous studies. Stratified Cox models were applied to data on full cousins and full siblings to further control for unmeasured familial confounding. Results Eight cohorts with a total of 784 804 mother–child pairs were included in the meta-analysis. Maternal overweight [RRoverweight = 1.31 (1.25–1.38), I2 = 6.80%] and obesity [RRobesity = 1.92 (1.84–2.00), I2 = 0.00%] were both associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring. In the population-based cohort of 971 501 individuals born between 1992 and 2004, unadjusted Cox models revealed similar associations [HRoverweight = 1.30 (1.28–1.34), HRobesity = 1.92 (1.87–1.98)]. These associations gradually attenuated towards the null when adjusted for measured confounders [HRoverweight = 1.21 (1.19–1.25), HRobesity = 1.60 (1.55–1.65)], unmeasured factors shared by cousins [HRoverweight = 1.10 (0.98–1.23), HRobesity = 1.44 (1.22–1.70)] and unmeasured factors shared by siblings [HRoverweight = 1.01 (0.92–1.11), HRobesity = 1.10 (0.94–1.27)]. Conclusion Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity is associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring. The observed association is largely due to unmeasured familial confounding.

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Considering learning disabilities and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder when assessing for neurodegenerative disease

Neurology Clinical Practice ◽

10.1212/cpj.0000000000000799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 520-526

Author(s):

Mary K. Colvin ◽

Janet C. Sherman

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Learning Disabilities ◽

Neurodegenerative Disease ◽

Older Adult ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Learning

Purpose of reviewWhen evaluating an older adult for a possible neurodegenerative disease, the role of premorbid specific learning disabilities or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be considered. These neurodevelopmental conditions can manifest as lifelong weaknesses and variability in cognitive functions that complicate assessment of cognitive decline. There is also accumulating evidence that certain neurodevelopmental disorders may entail greater risk for specific neurodegenerative disorders.Recent findingsWe describe clinical cases where diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease was influenced by preexisting neurodevelopmental disorders. We also present a questionnaire to assist with screening for premorbid learning disabilities and ADHD in older adults.SummaryThis article offers clinical guidance for practicing neurologists in the identification and assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders in older adult patients, which informs management and treatment. Consideration of lifetime functioning has become increasingly important with research linking neurodevelopmental disabilities to increased risk of specific neurodegenerative diseases.

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