How did a novel X-linked gene become essential for male determination?

SUMMARYPAM 26, a radiation-sensitive mutant ofEscherichia colistrain B, is described. Its properties are attributable to a mutation in a gene,exrB, which is cotransducible withmalB. It differs fromuvrA(alsomalB-linked) derivatives of strain B in being sensitive to 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitroso-guanidine and γ-radiation, and in being able to reactivate UV-irradiated phage T3. It differs fromexrA(alsomalB-linked) derivatives of strain B in forming filaments during the course of normal growth as well as after irradiation. WhenexrBwas transduced into a K12 (lon+) strain, filaments did not form spontaneously. Three-point transductions established the order of markers asmet A malB exrB. Based on an analysis of the frequency of wild-type recombinants in a reciprocal transduction betweenexrAandexrBstrains, it was inferred that they are not isogenic and that the order of markers ismalB exrA exrB.

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Evidence for dosage compensation of an X-linked gene in the 6-day embryo of the mouse

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/0012-1606(75)90241-9 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 65-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Leslie P. Kozak ◽

Patrick J. Quinn

Keyword(s):

Dosage Compensation ◽

Linked Gene

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Linking Genes to Traits in Fungi

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-021-01687-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. L. Romero-Olivares ◽

E. W. Morrison ◽

A. Pringle ◽

S. D. Frey

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Organic Matter Decomposition ◽

Gene Frequencies ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Linked Gene ◽

Carbon Cycles ◽

Brown Rot Fungi

AbstractFungi are mediators of the nitrogen and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Examining how nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition potential differs in fungi can provide insight into the underlying mechanisms driving fungal ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we assessed the frequency of genes encoding for specific enzymes that facilitate nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition in 879 fungal genomes with fungal taxa grouped into trait-based categories. Our linked gene-trait data approach revealed that gene frequencies vary across and within trait-based groups and that trait-based categories differ in trait space. We present two examples of how this linked gene-trait approach can be used to address ecological questions. First, we show that this type of approach can help us better understand, and potentially predict, how fungi will respond to environmental stress. Specifically, we found that trait-based categories with high nitrogen uptake gene frequency increased in relative abundance when exposed to high soil nitrogen enrichment. Second, by comparing frequencies of nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition genes, we found that most ectomycorrhizal fungi in our dataset have similar gene frequencies to brown rot fungi. This demonstrates that gene-trait data approaches can shed light on potential evolutionary trajectories of life history traits in fungi. We present a framework for exploring nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition gene frequencies in fungal trait-based groups and provide two concise examples on how to use our framework to address ecological questions from a mechanistic perspective.

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Sequence analysis of the human major histocompatibility gene SX alpha

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.5.10.2677-2683.1985 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 2677-2683

Author(s):

J M Boss ◽

R Mengler ◽

K Okada ◽

C Auffray ◽

J L Strominger

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequence ◽

Splice Site Mutation ◽

Duplication Event ◽

Gene Duplication Event ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Site Mutation ◽

Human Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Linked Gene ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Alpha Gene

The DP subregion of the human major histocompatibility complex contains two closely linked gene pairs, DP alpha, DP beta and SX alpha, SX beta. The exon-intron organization and the complete DNA sequence of the SX alpha gene are reported here. There are several mutations within the SX alpha gene which strongly suggest that it is a pseudogene. These include two frameshift mutations, one in the alpha 1 domain and the other in the cytoplasmic domain. A 5' splice site mutation at the end of the alpha 1 exon also exists. DNA sequence homology between DP alpha and SX alpha suggests that these genes arose through a gene duplication event.

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Expression-based assay of an X-linked gene to examine effects of the X-controlling element (Xce) locus

Mammalian Genome ◽

10.1007/s003350010077 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 405-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Robert M. Plenge ◽

Ivona Percec ◽

Joseph H. Nadeau ◽

Huntington F. Willard

Keyword(s):

Linked Gene ◽

Controlling Element

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Validation of a male-linked gene locus (OGI) for sex identification in persimmon (Diospyros kakiThunb.) and its application in F1progeny

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/pbr.12427 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 135 (6) ◽

pp. 721-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ping-Xian Zhang ◽

Si-Chao Yang ◽

Yi-Feng Liu ◽

Qing-Lin Zhang ◽

Li-Qing Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Locus ◽

Sex Identification ◽

Linked Gene

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The tabby syndrome in the mouse

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1971.0086 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 179 (1055) ◽

pp. 139-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Keyword(s):

Critical Point ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Neural Tube ◽

X Chromosome Inactivation ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Normal Allele ◽

Linked Gene ◽

Intercellular Interactions ◽

Threshold Mechanism ◽

Otic Vesicles

The tabby syndrome in the mouse (which is common to the sex-linked gene for tabby and autosomal genes for crinkled and downless) affects the coat, the sinus hairs, the teeth, many glands and some surface features like tail rings, plicae digitales and the papilla vallata of the tongue. All these structures develop by the downgrowth of solid epithelial buds into the underlying mesenchyme. Organs which arise by invagination (like the neural tube or the otic vesicles and certain glands) are not affected by the tabby syndrome. The rudiments of glands and sinus hairs are reduced in size, and if reduction goes beyond a critical point, stunted organs are formed or, more commonly, the rudiments regress altogether. The same is true for the teeth and apparently for the whole syndrome. Measurements show the same situation in Ta ♂♂(and Ta/Ta ♀♀) and in heterozygous Ta / + ♀♀. As in Ta ♂♂ and Ta/Ta ♀♀ there cannot be any doubt that a threshold mechanism is involved, there is no reason to assume that, in Ta / + ♀♀, the identical defects are derived clonally from ancestral cells in which the Xchromosome carrying the normal allele has been inactivated. Whereas the Ta / + phenotype does not give any evidence that the Ta locus is involved in X-chromosome inactivation, the possibility cannot be ruled out that, if inactivation should actually take place on the cellular level, the macroscopic phenotype could be the result of intercellular interactions along with the effects of threshold mechanisms.

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