scholarly journals Dynamic changes in transposable element and gene methylation in mulberry (Morus notabilis) in response to Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youchao Xin ◽  
Bi Ma ◽  
Qiwei Zeng ◽  
Wenmin He ◽  
Meiling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Mock Treatment ◽  
Dna Methylation Inhibitors

AbstractDNA methylation has been proposed to regulate plant stress resistance. However, the dynamic changes in DNA methylation in woody plants and their correlations with pathogenic responses are not fully understood. Here, we present single-base maps of the DNA methylomes of mulberry (Morus notabilis) leaves that were subjected to a mock treatment or inoculation with Botrytis cinerea. Compared with the former, the latter showed decreased mCG and mCHG levels and increased mCHH levels. DNA methylation inhibitors reduced resistance gene methylation levels and enhanced mulberry resistance, suggesting that the hypomethylation of resistance genes affects mulberry resistance to B. cinerea. Virus-induced gene silencing of MnMET1 enhanced the expression of mulberry-resistance genes, thereby increasing the plant’s resistance to B. cinerea. We also found that MITEs play a dominant role in controlling DNA methylation levels. MITEs appear to be the main sources of 24-nt siRNAs that regulate gene expression through the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway.

scholarly journals Tomato Stress-Associated Protein 4 Contributes Positively to Immunity Against Necrotrophic Fungus Botrytis cinerea

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixia Liu ◽  
Xi Yuan ◽  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Stress Associated Protein ◽  
Associated Proteins

Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are A20 and AN1 domain–containing proteins, some of which play important roles in plant stress signaling. Here, we report the involvement of tomato SlSAP family in immunity. SlSAPs responded with different expression patterns to Botrytis cinerea and defense signaling hormones. Virus-induced gene silencing of each of the SlSAP genes and disease assays revealed that SlSAP4 and SlSAP10 play roles in immunity against B. cinerea. Silencing of SlSAP4 resulted in attenuated immunity to B. cinerea, accompanying increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and downregulated expression of jasmonate and ethylene (JA/ET) signaling-responsive defense genes. Transient expression of SlSAP4 in Nicotiana benthamiana led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate partially restored the resistance of the SlSAP4-silenced plants against B. cinerea. SlSAP4 interacted with three of four SlRAD23 proteins. The A20 domain in SlSAP4 and the Ub-associated domains in SlRAD23d are critical for SlSAP4-SlRAD23d interaction. Silencing of SlRAD23d led to decreased resistance to B. cinerea, but silencing of each of other SlRAD23s did not affect immunity against B. cinerea. Furthermore, silencing of SlSAP4 and each of the SlRAD23s did not affect immunity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. These data suggest that SlSAP4 contributes positively to tomato immunity against B. cinereal through affecting JA/ET signaling and may be involved in the substrate ubiquitination process via interacting with SlRAD23d.

scholarly journals Response to Hydralazine-Valproate in a Patient with Mycosis Fungoides

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Dueñas-Gonzalez ◽  
Maria Teresa Vega ◽  
Déborah Martinez-Baños ◽  
Linda García-Hidalgo ◽  
Pedro Sobrevilla
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Mycosis Fungoides ◽  
Hdac Inhibitor ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
T Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Dna Methylation Inhibitors

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown significant activity in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). The epigenetic alterations of CTCL not only are limited to altered histone acetylation but also include aberrant DNA gene methylation hence, the combination of an HDAC inhibitor with a DNA demethylating agent is a promising therapy to be tested. Here we report a mycosis fungoides patient having a dramatic response to hydralazine and valproate, two repositioned drugs as HDAC and DNA methylation inhibitors, respectively.

Characterization of Botrytis cinerea isolates collected on pepper in Southern Turkey by using molecular markers, fungicide resistance genes and virulence assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlknur Polat ◽  
Ömür Baysal ◽  
Francesco Mercati ◽  
Emine Gümrükcü ◽  
Görkem Sülü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Virulence Assay ◽  
Southern Turkey

Comparison of biological effects of non-nucleoside DNA methylation inhibitors versus 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1515-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody C. Chuang ◽  
Christine B. Yoo ◽  
Jennifer M. Kwan ◽  
Tony W.H. Li ◽  
Gangning Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dna Methylation Inhibitors

scholarly journals Dynamic DNA Methylation in Plant Growth and Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Bartels ◽  
Qiang Han ◽  
Pooja Nair ◽  
Liam Stacey ◽  
Hannah Gaynier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Methylation Patterns

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification required for transposable element (TE) silencing, genome stability, and genomic imprinting. Although DNA methylation has been intensively studied, the dynamic nature of methylation among different species has just begun to be understood. Here we summarize the recent progress in research on the wide variation of DNA methylation in different plants, organs, tissues, and cells; dynamic changes of methylation are also reported during plant growth and development as well as changes in response to environmental stresses. Overall DNA methylation is quite diverse among species, and it occurs in CG, CHG, and CHH (H = A, C, or T) contexts of genes and TEs in angiosperms. Moderately expressed genes are most likely methylated in gene bodies. Methylation levels decrease significantly just upstream of the transcription start site and around transcription termination sites; its levels in the promoter are inversely correlated with the expression of some genes in plants. Methylation can be altered by different environmental stimuli such as pathogens and abiotic stresses. It is likely that methylation existed in the common eukaryotic ancestor before fungi, plants and animals diverged during evolution. In summary, DNA methylation patterns in angiosperms are complex, dynamic, and an integral part of genome diversity after millions of years of evolution.

DNA Methylation and Plant Stress Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchuan Deng ◽  
Shuyan Kou ◽  
Qian Zou ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Cuiping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

scholarly journals A detached petal disc assay and virus-induced gene silencing facilitate the study of Botrytis cinerea resistance in rose flowers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Cao ◽  
Huijun Yan ◽  
Xintong Liu ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Mengjie Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Rose Petals ◽  
Disc Assay

AbstractFresh-cut roses (Rosa hybrida) are one of the most important ornamental crops worldwide, with annual trade in the billions of dollars. Gray mold disease caused by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the most serious fungal threat to cut roses, causing extensive postharvest losses. In this study, we optimized a detached petal disc assay (DPDA) for artificial B. cinerea inoculation and quantification of disease symptoms in rose petals. Furthermore, as the identification of rose genes involved in B. cinerea resistance could provide useful genetic and genomic resources, we devised a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) procedure for the functional analysis of B. cinerea resistance genes in rose petals. We used RhPR10.1 as a reporter of silencing efficiency and found that the rose cultivar ‘Samantha’ showed the greatest decrease in RhPR10.1 expression among the cultivars tested. To determine whether jasmonic acid and ethylene are required for B. cinerea resistance in rose petals, we used VIGS to silence the expression of RhLOX5 and RhEIN3 (encoding a jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway protein and an ethylene regulatory protein, respectively) and found that petal susceptibility to B. cinerea was affected. Finally, a VIGS screen of B. cinerea-induced rose transcription factors demonstrated the potential benefits of this method for the high-throughput identification of gene function in B. cinerea resistance. Collectively, our data show that the combination of the DPDA and VIGS is a reliable and high-throughput method for studying B. cinerea resistance in rose.

DNA methylation inhibitors/venetoclax

2019 ◽  
Vol 1776 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-166
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Methylation Inhibitors
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