scholarly journals Tomato Stress-Associated Protein 4 Contributes Positively to Immunity Against Necrotrophic Fungus Botrytis cinerea

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixia Liu ◽  
Xi Yuan ◽  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Stress Associated Protein ◽  
Associated Proteins

Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are A20 and AN1 domain–containing proteins, some of which play important roles in plant stress signaling. Here, we report the involvement of tomato SlSAP family in immunity. SlSAPs responded with different expression patterns to Botrytis cinerea and defense signaling hormones. Virus-induced gene silencing of each of the SlSAP genes and disease assays revealed that SlSAP4 and SlSAP10 play roles in immunity against B. cinerea. Silencing of SlSAP4 resulted in attenuated immunity to B. cinerea, accompanying increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and downregulated expression of jasmonate and ethylene (JA/ET) signaling-responsive defense genes. Transient expression of SlSAP4 in Nicotiana benthamiana led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate partially restored the resistance of the SlSAP4-silenced plants against B. cinerea. SlSAP4 interacted with three of four SlRAD23 proteins. The A20 domain in SlSAP4 and the Ub-associated domains in SlRAD23d are critical for SlSAP4-SlRAD23d interaction. Silencing of SlRAD23d led to decreased resistance to B. cinerea, but silencing of each of other SlRAD23s did not affect immunity against B. cinerea. Furthermore, silencing of SlSAP4 and each of the SlRAD23s did not affect immunity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. These data suggest that SlSAP4 contributes positively to tomato immunity against B. cinereal through affecting JA/ET signaling and may be involved in the substrate ubiquitination process via interacting with SlRAD23d.

scholarly journals SKIP Silencing Decreased Disease Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
Longfei Yin ◽  
Fengming Song ◽  
Ming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Direct Genetic Evidence

SKIP, a component of the spliceosome, is involved in numerous signaling pathways. However, there is no direct genetic evidence supporting the function of SKIP in defense responses. In this paper, two SKIPs, namely, SlSKIP1a and SlSKIP1b, were analyzed in tomato. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the SlSKIP1b expression was triggered via Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 and Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), together with the defense-associated signals. In addition, the functions of SlSKIP1a and SlSKIP1b in disease resistance were analyzed in tomato through the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique. VIGS-mediated SlSKIP1b silencing led to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with the decreased expression of defense-related genes (DRGs) after pathogen infection, suggesting that it reduced B. cinerea and Pst DC3000 resistance. There was no significant difference in B. cinerea and Pst DC3000 resistance in TRV-SlSKIP1a-infiltrated plants compared with the TRV-GUS-silencing counterparts. As suggested by the above findings, SlSKIP1b plays a vital role in disease resistance against pathogens possibly by regulating the accumulation of ROS as well as the expression of DRGs.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis ssi2-Conferred Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea Is Dependent on EDS5 and PAD4

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashis Nandi ◽  
Wolfgang Moeder ◽  
Pradeep Kachroo ◽  
Daniel F. Klessig ◽  
Jyoti Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Peronospora Parasitica ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Cell Death Phenotype ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Loss of a stearoyl-ACP desaturase activity in the Arabidopsis thaliana ssi2 mutant confers susceptibility to the necrotroph, Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, the ssi2 mutant exhibits enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, Peronospora parasitica, and Cucumber mosaic virus. The altered basal resistance to these pathogens in the ssi2 mutant plant is accompanied by the constitutive accumulation of elevated salicylic acid (SA) level and expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) gene, the inability of jasmonic acid (JA) to activate expression of the defensin gene, PDF1.2, and the spontaneous death of cells. Here, we show that presence of the eds5 and pad4 mutant alleles compromises the ssi2-conferred resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. In contrast, resistance to B. cinerea was restored in the ssi2 eds5 and ssi2 pad4 double-mutant plants. However, resistance to B. cinerea was not accompanied by the restoration of JA responsiveness in the ssi2 eds5 and ssi2 pad4 plants. The ssi2 eds5 and ssi2 pad4 plants retain the ssi2-conferred spontaneous cell death phenotype, suggesting that cell death is not a major factor that predisposes the ssi2 mutant to infection by B. cinerea. Furthermore, the high SA content of the ssi2 pad4 plant, combined with our previous observation that the SA-deficient ssi2 nahG plant succumbs to infection by B. cinerea, suggests that elevated SA level does not have a causal role in the ssi2-conferred susceptibility to B. cinerea. Our results suggest that interaction between an SSI2-dependent factor or factors and an EDS5- and PAD4- dependent mechanism or mechanisms modulates defense to B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in transposable element and gene methylation in mulberry (Morus notabilis) in response to Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youchao Xin ◽  
Bi Ma ◽  
Qiwei Zeng ◽  
Wenmin He ◽  
Meiling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Mock Treatment ◽  
Dna Methylation Inhibitors

AbstractDNA methylation has been proposed to regulate plant stress resistance. However, the dynamic changes in DNA methylation in woody plants and their correlations with pathogenic responses are not fully understood. Here, we present single-base maps of the DNA methylomes of mulberry (Morus notabilis) leaves that were subjected to a mock treatment or inoculation with Botrytis cinerea. Compared with the former, the latter showed decreased mCG and mCHG levels and increased mCHH levels. DNA methylation inhibitors reduced resistance gene methylation levels and enhanced mulberry resistance, suggesting that the hypomethylation of resistance genes affects mulberry resistance to B. cinerea. Virus-induced gene silencing of MnMET1 enhanced the expression of mulberry-resistance genes, thereby increasing the plant’s resistance to B. cinerea. We also found that MITEs play a dominant role in controlling DNA methylation levels. MITEs appear to be the main sources of 24-nt siRNAs that regulate gene expression through the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway.

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