Overexpression of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL) in Populus delays onset and reduces abundance of flowering in field-grown trees

AbstractThe spread of transgenes and exotic germplasm from planted crops into wild or feral species is a difficult problem for public and regulatory acceptance of genetically engineered plants, particularly for wind-pollinated trees such as poplar. We report that overexpression of a poplar homolog of the floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL), a homolog of the Arabidopsis MADS-box repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), delayed the onset of flowering several years in three genotypes of field-grown transgenic poplars. Higher expression of SVL correlated with a delay in flowering onset and lower floral abundance, and did not cause morphologically obvious or statistically significant effects on leaf characteristics, tree form, or stem volume. Overexpression effects on reproductive and vegetative phenology in spring was modest and genotype-specific. Our results suggest that use of SVL and related floral repressors can be useful tools to enable a high level of containment for vegetatively propagated short-rotation woody energy or pulp crops.

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SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE Up-Regulates TEMPRANILLO2 Floral Repressor at Low Ambient Temperatures

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.15.00570 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 169 (2) ◽

pp. 1214-1224 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Esther Marín-González ◽

Luis Matías-Hernández ◽

Andrea E. Aguilar-Jaramillo ◽

Jeong Hwan Lee ◽

Ji Hoon Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Phase ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Short Vegetative Phase ◽

Floral Repressor

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A Tree Ortholog of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE Floral Repressor Mediates Photoperiodic Control of Bud Dormancy

Current Biology ◽

10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 128-133.e2 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽

Pal Miskolczi ◽

Jay P. Maurya ◽

Rishikesh P. Bhalerao

Keyword(s):

Bud Dormancy ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Photoperiodic Control ◽

Short Vegetative Phase ◽

Floral Repressor

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The contribution of chestnut coppice forests on slope stability in abandoned territory: a case study

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2013.254 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (2s) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chiara Bassanelli ◽

Gian Battista Bischetti ◽

Enrico Antonio Chiaradia ◽

Lorenzo Rossi ◽

Chiara Vergani

Keyword(s):

Slope Stability ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Slope Instability ◽

Economic Changes ◽

Sweet Chestnut ◽

Forestry Practices ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Root Cohesion ◽

Chestnut Coppice ◽

High Level

Sweet chestnut has been for many centuries fundamental for the Italian mountainous economies, where this kind of forest was traditionally managed in short rotation to rapidly produce wood biomass. Due to the social and economic changes, which made such management scheme unprofitable especially on the steep and remote slopes, such practice has been mainly abandoned and most of chestnut forests became over-aged and very dense, causing an increase of localized slope instability. In this work the effect of over-aged chestnut coppice forests on shallow landslides was analysed by evaluating and comparing mechanical contribution to soil shear strength provided by root systems in differently managed chestnut stands. The study area is located in Valcuvia (Lombardy Prealps) where three different stands, one managed and the others abandoned (over 40 year aged), established on cohesionless slopes (quaternary moraine deposits) were chosen having care to select homogeneous conditions in terms of substrate, aspect and elevation. As slope steepness strongly affects forestry practices and steeper stands are more frequently abandoned, the considered stands have different terrain inclination, 30-35° in abandoned stands and 13° in the managed one. Slope stability of the three sites was evaluated by applying the infinite slope approach accounting for additional root cohesion and tree surcharge. Additional root cohesion was estimated through the Fiber Boundle Model approach by collecting roots in the field and measuring their resistance in laboratory, and by measuring root diameter and density distribution with depth by the wall technique method. The results, as expected, showed that over-aging does not affect root mechanical properties, whereas it significantly affects root distribution within the soil. In terms of slope stability, when steepness exceeds 35°, instability phenomena can be triggered by high level of soil saturation in the case of over-aged forests, whereas for less extreme cases chestnut forests, although over-aged, are able and fundamental to guarantee safe conditions.

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Isolation of suppressors of late flowering and abnormal flower shape phenotypes caused by overexpression of the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE gene in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant Biotechnology ◽

10.5511/plantbiotechnology.26.217 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 217-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rym Fekih ◽

Kana Miyata ◽

Riichiro Yoshida ◽

Hiroshi Ezura ◽

Tsuyoshi Mizoguchi

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Abnormal Flower ◽

Flower Shape ◽

Short Vegetative Phase

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Biomass and Volume Modeling along with Carbon Concentration Variations of Short-Rotation Poplar Plantations

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11070780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 780 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lihu Dong ◽

Faris Rafi Almay Widagdo ◽

Longfei Xie ◽

Fengri Li

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sink ◽

Biomass Conversion ◽

Model Fitting ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

Model Systems ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Crown Length ◽

Short Rotation ◽

And Performance ◽

Volume Models

Short-rotation forestry is of interest to provide biomass for bioenergy and act as a carbon sink to mitigate global warming. The Poplar tree (Populus × xiaohei) is a fast-growing and high-yielding tree species in Northeast China. In this study, a total of 128 Populus × xiaohei trees from the Songnen Plain, Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China, were harvested. Several available independent variables, such as tree diameter at breast height (D), tree’s total height (H), crown width (CW), and crown length (CL), were differently combined to develop three additive biomass model systems and eight stem volume models for Populus × xiaohei tree. Variance explained within the three additive biomass model systems ranged from 83% to 98%, which was lowest for the foliage models, and highest for the stem biomass models. Similar findings were found in the stem volume models, in which the models explained more than 94% of the variance. The additional predictors, such as H, CL, or CW, evidently enhanced the model fitting and performance for the total and components biomass along with the stem volume models. Furthermore, the biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) of the root (118.2 kg/m3), stem (380.2 kg/m3), branch (90.7 kg/m3), and foliage (31.2 kg/m3) were also calculated. The carbon concentrations of Populus × xiaohei in root, stem, branch, and foliage components were 45.98%, 47.74%, 48.32%, and 48.46%, respectively. Overall, the newly established models in this study provided complete and comprehensive tools for quantifying the biomass and stem volume of Populus × xiaohei, which might be essential to be specifically utilized in the Chinese National Forest Inventory.

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Diversity Maintenance for Efficient Robot Path Planning

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10051721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1721

Author(s):

Petar Ćurković ◽

Lovro Čehulić

Keyword(s):

Path Planning ◽

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Population Based ◽

Difficult Problem ◽

Fitness Sharing ◽

Diversity Maintenance ◽

Novelty Search ◽

High Level ◽

Path Planner

Path planning is present in many areas, such as robotics, video games, and unmanned autonomous vehicles. In the case of robots, it is a primary low-level prerequisite for the successful execution of high-level tasks. It is a known and difficult problem to solve, especially in terms of finding optimal paths for robots working in complex environments. Recently, population-based methods for multi-objective optimization, i.e., swarm and evolutionary algorithms successfully perform on different path planning problems. Knowing the nature of the problem is hard for optimization algorithms, it is expected that population-based algorithms might benefit from some kind of diversity maintenance implementation. However, advantages and potential traps of implementing specific diversity maintenance methods into the evolutionary path planner have not been clearly spelled out and experimentally demonstrated. In this paper, we fill this gap and compare three diversity maintenance methods and their impact on the evolutionary planner for problems of different complexity. Crowding, fitness sharing, and novelty search are tailored to fit specific problems, implemented, and tested for two scenarios: mobile robot operating in a 2D maze, and 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) robot operating in a 3D environment including obstacles. Results indicate that the novelty search outperforms the other two methods for problem domains of higher complexity.

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Production physiology and morphology of Populus species and their hybrids grown under short rotation. I. Clonal comparisons of 4-year growth and phenology

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x92-253 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 1937-1948 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

R. Ceulemans ◽

G. Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽

B. M. Wiard ◽

J. H. Braatne ◽

T. M. Hinckley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Mortality ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Clonal Variation ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Bud Break ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Hybrid Superiority ◽

Bud Set ◽

Number Of Branches

Height and diameter growth, stem volume production, leaf phenology and leaf number, and number of branches of Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populusdeltoides Bartr., and their F1 hybrids (P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) were studied for 4 years in a research plantation in western Washington, United States. Twelve clones (three of each species and six of the hybrids) grew under a short-rotation silviculture regime in monoclonal plots at spacings of 1 × 1 m (10 000 stems/ha). Clones represented a north-south gradient within the geographic distribution of both the two North American poplar species and the parentage of the hybrid material. The results support earlier work by contributing additional evidence for the superiority of the hybrids. However, the relative hybrid superiority in these monoclonal plots was less pronounced than that found earlier in field trials with single-tree plots because of heightened intraclonal competition. After 4 years, mean estimated stem volume of the hybrids was 1.5 times that of P. trichocarpa and 2.3 times that of P. deltoides. Total tree height of the hybrids was 1.1 times that off. trichocarpa and 1.3 times that off. deltoides. Clonal variation was the dominant theme in height and diameter growth, stem volume productivity, time of bud break and bud set, tree mortality, and number of branches. Populustrichocarpa had the highest number of sylleptic branches, P. deltoides had the lowest, and hybrids were intermediate. Significant clone by replicate interactions were observed in height, diameter, and volume growth. Phenological traits, such as the dates of bud break and bud set, and the length of growing period only partly explained the observed differences in growth between the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids and the parental species.

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Therapeutically targeting cyclin D1 in primary tumors arising from loss of Ini1

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0913297108 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 108 (1) ◽

pp. 319-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Melissa E. Smith ◽

Velasco Cimica ◽

Srinivasa Chinni ◽

Suman Jana ◽

Wade Koba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cyclin D1 ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Suppressor Gene ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Rhabdoid Tumors ◽

High Level ◽

Resistant Cells

Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are rare, highly aggressive pediatric malignancies with poor prognosis and with no standard or effective treatment strategies. RTs are characterized by biallelic inactivation of the INI1 tumor suppressor gene. INI1 directly represses CCND1 and activates cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p16Ink4a and p21CIP. RTs are exquisitely dependent on cyclin D1 for genesis and survival. To facilitate translation of unique therapeutic strategies, we have used genetically engineered, Ini1+/− mice for therapeutic testing. We found that PET can be used to noninvasively and accurately detect primary tumors in Ini1+/− mice. In a PET-guided longitudinal study, we found that treating Ini1+/− mice bearing primary tumors with the pan-cdk inhibitor flavopiridol resulted in complete and stable regression of some tumors. Other tumors showed resistance to flavopiridol, and one of the resistant tumors overexpressed cyclin D1, more than flavopiridol-sensitive cells. The concentration of flavopiridol used was not sufficient to down-modulate the high level of cyclin D1 and failed to induce cell death in the resistant cells. Furthermore, FISH and PCR analyses indicated that there is aneuploidy and increased CCND1 copy number in resistant cells. These studies indicate that resistance to flavopiridol may be correlated to elevated cyclin D1 levels. Our studies also indicate that Ini1+/− mice are valuable tools for testing unique therapeutic strategies and for understanding mechanisms of drug resistance in tumors that arise owing to loss of Ini1, which is essential for developing effective treatment strategies against these aggressive tumors.

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