Isolation of suppressors of late flowering and abnormal flower shape phenotypes caused by overexpression of the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE gene in Arabidopsis thaliana

ABSTRACTPHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE 1 (PECT1) regulates phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis and controls the phosphatidylethanolamine:phosphatidylcholine ratio in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies have suggested that PECT1 regulates flowering time by modulating the interaction between phosphatidylcholine and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a florigen, in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Here, we show that knockdown of PECT1 by artificial microRNA in the SAM (pFD::amiR-PECT1) accelerated flowering under inductive and even non-inductive conditions, in which FT transcription is almost absent, and in ft-10 twin sister of ft-1 double mutants under both conditions. Transcriptome analyses suggested that PECT1 affects flowering by regulating SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE 2 (GA20ox2). SVP misexpression in the SAM suppressed the early flowering of pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants. pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants showed increased gibberellin (GA) levels in the SAM, concomitant with the reduction of REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 levels. Consistent with this, GA treatment had little effect on flowering time of pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants and the GA antagonist paclobutrazol strongly affected flowering in these plants. Together, these results suggest that PECT1 also regulates flowering time through a florigen-independent pathway, modulating SVP expression and thus regulating GA production.

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MicroRNA396-Targeted SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE Is Required to Repress Flowering and Is Related to the Development of Abnormal Flower Symptoms by the Phyllody Symptoms1 Effector

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.15.00307 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 168 (4) ◽

pp. 1702-1716 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Chiao-Yin Yang ◽

Yu-Hsin Huang ◽

Chan-Pin Lin ◽

Yen-Yu Lin ◽

Hao-Chun Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Phase ◽

Abnormal Flower ◽

Short Vegetative Phase

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Age-Related Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana Involves the MADS-Domain Transcription Factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE and Direct Action of Salicylic Acid on Pseudomonas syringae

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0172-r ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 919-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Daniel C. Wilson ◽

Christine J. Kempthorne ◽

Philip Carella ◽

David K. Liscombe ◽

Robin K. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agent ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Short Vegetative Phase ◽

Age Related

Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a developmentally regulated disease-resistance response known as age-related resistance (ARR), a process that requires intercellular accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), which is thought to act as an antimicrobial agent. ARR is characterized by enhanced resistance to some pathogens at the late adult-vegetative and reproductive stages. While the transition to flowering does not cause the onset of ARR, both processes involve the MADS-domain transcription factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP). In this study, ARR-defective svp mutants were found to accumulate reduced levels of intercellular SA compared with wild type in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Double mutant and overexpression analyses suggest that SVP and SOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1) act antagonistically, such that SVP is required for ARR to alleviate the negative effects of SOC1 on SA accumulation. In vitro, SA exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity at concentrations similar to those measured in the intercellular space during ARR. In vivo, P. syringae pv. tomato formed biofilm-like aggregates in young susceptible plants, while this was drastically reduced in mature ARR-competent plants, which accumulate intercellular SA. Collectively, these results reveal a novel role for the floral regulators SVP and SOC1 in disease resistance and provide evidence that SA acts directly on pathogens as an antimicrobial agent. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

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Variability in the Interactions between Arabidopsis thaliana Ecotypes and Oilseed Rape Mosaic Tobamovirus

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp96056 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 275 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Martín Martín ◽

D. Martínez-Herrera ◽

H. L. Cabrera y Poch ◽

F. Ponz

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Long Distance ◽

Seed Formation ◽

Inoculum Concentration ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Abnormal Flower ◽

Viral Movement

The responses of 116 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. were evaluated after inoculation with oilseed rape mosaic tobamovirus. Symptoms observed within each of the ecotypes were similar, allowing us to classify the ecotypes into five symptom groups based on stunting, abnormal flower or seed formation, and plant death. A relation between the severity of symptoms and ecotype flowering time was observed: late-flowering ecotypes developed more severe symptoms than early-flowering ones. All the symptomless ecotypes were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Two ecotypes, Wc-1 and An-1, showed resistance to ORMV infection in the form of absence of long-distance viral movement that was inoculum concentration-dependent.

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The effect of daylength on the transition to flowering in phytochrome-deficient, late-flowering and double mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.950213.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 260-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maarten Koornneef ◽

Corrie Hanhart ◽

Patty van Loenen-Martinet ◽

Hetty Blankestijn de Vries

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Transition To Flowering

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Hierarchical Action of Mulberry miR156 in the Vegetative Phase Transition

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5550

Author(s):

Hongshun Li ◽

Yiwei Luo ◽

Bi Ma ◽

Jianqiong Hu ◽

Zhiyuan Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Promoter Sequences ◽

Over Expression ◽

Degradome Sequencing ◽

Pathway Expression ◽

Reporter Assays

The vegetative phase transition is a prerequisite for flowering in angiosperm plants. Mulberry miR156 has been confirmed to be a crucial factor in the vegetative phase transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. The over-expression of miR156 in transgenic Populus × canadensis dramatically prolongs the juvenile phase. Here, we find that the expression of mno-miR156 decreases with age in all tissues in mulberry, which led us to study the hierarchical action of miR156 in mulberry. Utilizing degradome sequencing and dual-luciferase reporter assays, nine MnSPLs were shown to be directly regulated by miR156. The results of yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays also revealed that six MnSPLs could recognize the promoter sequences of mno-miR172 and activate its expression. Our results demonstrate that mno-miR156 performs its role by repressing MnSPL/mno-miR172 pathway expression in mulberry. This work uncovered a miR156/SPLs/miR172 regulation pathway in the development of mulberry and fills a gap in our knowledge about the molecular mechanism of vegetative phase transition in perennial woody plants.

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A genetic and physiological analysis of late flowering mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana

MGG Molecular & General Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf00264213 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 229 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 573

Author(s):

M. Koornneef ◽

C. J. Hanhart ◽

J. H. van der Veen

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Physiological Analysis

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Sugar promotes vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing the expression of MIR156A and MIR156C

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.00260 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 137

Author(s):

Li Yang ◽

Mingli Xu ◽

Yeonjong Koo ◽

Jia He ◽

R Scott Poethig

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Phase Change ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Developmental Timing ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Adult Transition ◽

Vegetative Phase Change ◽

Exogenous Glucose ◽

Exogenous Sugar ◽

Signaling Activity

Nutrients shape the growth, maturation, and aging of plants and animals. In plants, the juvenile to adult transition (vegetative phase change) is initiated by a decrease in miR156. In Arabidopsis, we found that exogenous sugar decreased the abundance of miR156, whereas reduced photosynthesis increased the level of this miRNA. This effect was correlated with a change in the timing of vegetative phase change, and was primarily attributable to a change in the expression of two genes, MIR156A and MIR156C, which were found to play dominant roles in this transition. The glucose-induced repression of miR156 was dependent on the signaling activity of HEXOKINASE1. We also show that the defoliation-induced increase in miR156 levels can be suppressed by exogenous glucose. These results provide a molecular link between nutrient availability and developmental timing in plants, and suggest that sugar is a component of the leaf signal that mediates vegetative phase change.

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