scholarly journals Transkingdom interactions between Lactobacilli and hepatic mitochondria attenuate western diet-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Rodrigues ◽  
Manoj Gurung ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
Manuel García-Jaramillo ◽  
Renee Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractWestern diet (WD) is one of the major culprits of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D) with gut microbiota playing an important role in modulating effects of the diet. Herein, we use a data-driven approach (Transkingdom Network analysis) to model host-microbiome interactions under WD to infer which members of microbiota contribute to the altered host metabolism. Interrogation of this network pointed to taxa with potential beneficial or harmful effects on host’s metabolism. We then validate the functional role of the predicted bacteria in regulating metabolism and show that they act via different host pathways. Our gene expression and electron microscopy studies show that two species from Lactobacillus genus act upon mitochondria in the liver leading to the improvement of lipid metabolism. Metabolomics analyses revealed that reduced glutathione may mediate these effects. Our study identifies potential probiotic strains for T2D and provides important insights into mechanisms of their action.

scholarly journals Improving the management of type 2 diabetes through large-scale general practice: the role of a data-driven and technology-enabled education programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e001087
Author(s):  
Tarek F Radwan ◽  
Yvette Agyako ◽  
Alireza Ettefaghian ◽  
Tahira Kamran ◽  
Omar Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Treatment Targets ◽  
Care Processes ◽  
Data Driven Approach

A quality improvement (QI) scheme was launched in 2017, covering a large group of 25 general practices working with a deprived registered population. The aim was to improve the measurable quality of care in a population where type 2 diabetes (T2D) care had previously proved challenging. A complex set of QI interventions were co-designed by a team of primary care clinicians and educationalists and managers. These interventions included organisation-wide goal setting, using a data-driven approach, ensuring staff engagement, implementing an educational programme for pharmacists, facilitating web-based QI learning at-scale and using methods which ensured sustainability. This programme was used to optimise the management of T2D through improving the eight care processes and three treatment targets which form part of the annual national diabetes audit for patients with T2D. With the implemented improvement interventions, there was significant improvement in all care processes and all treatment targets for patients with diabetes. Achievement of all the eight care processes improved by 46.0% (p<0.001) while achievement of all three treatment targets improved by 13.5% (p<0.001). The QI programme provides an example of a data-driven large-scale multicomponent intervention delivered in primary care in ethnically diverse and socially deprived areas.

scholarly journals English for European Communication and Tourism: Focus on Pragmatic Competence

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-332
Author(s):  
Agata Klimczak-Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Pragmatic competence in L2 English is claimed here to be crucial for successful communication in a variety of communicative contexts across Europe. However, due to language background, cultural and identity differences among users of English, there is a need for reflection and data-driven examination of how the language is used in specific situations. This paper adopts a cross-cultural perspective on the study of the use of English in the European Union with focus on its role in tourism. The role of English as the language of communication in Europe is discussed, followed by a proposal as to the way in which its actual usage can be studied. The data-driven approach to pragmatic behavior is advocated as the basis for the development of pragmatic competence in learners of English with focus on those who wish to engage in tourism.

Formulating Industrial Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. R47-R53
Author(s):  
Tim Besley ◽  
Richard Davies
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Structural Weakness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

Executive SummaryAlongside the challenge of maintaining economic competitiveness in the face of great uncertainty, Brexit brings an opportunity for the government to set out a new industrial strategy. The case for doing so rests on the need to address areas of persistent structural weakness in the UK economy, including low productivity. But it is important that any new industrial strategy be based on appropriately granular data reflecting the real structure of the UK corporate sector: the overwhelmingly preponderant role of services as opposed to manufacturing, for example; the importance of young, fast-growing firms as opposed to SMEs; the relatively high failure rate of companies in the UK; and the relative lack of successful mid-sized firms. Such a data-driven approach might spawn an industrial strategy quite different from the piecemeal programmes of recent years.Internationally, the UK is a laggard in this area, and the recently-created Industrial Strategy Council does not look strong enough to change that position. To move forward, the government needs to make industrial strategy a central plank of economic policy, embedded at the heart of the administration with its own staff and funding, and operations based on a comprehensive review of the economic contribution and potential of various types of firm. Needless to say, it cannot be a substitute for a continuing commitment to competition and markets, or a stalking horse for protectionism: interventions should be justified by carefully-argued market failure arguments, be time-limited, and transparently evaluated.

scholarly journals The typology of parricide and the role of mental illness: Data‐driven approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Lana Bojanić ◽  
Sandra Flynn ◽  
Myrsini Gianatsi ◽  
Navneet Kapur ◽  
Louis Appleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Selective Removal of the Type 2 Cu from Blue Oxidases. Properties and Functional Role of the Copper Centres

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Morpurgo ◽  
Maria Teresa Graziani ◽  
Luciana Avigliano ◽  
Alessandro Desideri ◽  
Bruno Mondovi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Selective Removal

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein M—A Marker or an Active Player in Type II Diabetes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Christoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Apolipoprotein M ◽  
Active Player ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Diabetes Development ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Harmful Effects

Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily and an important carrier of the small bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). The apoM/S1P complex is attached to all lipoproteins, but exhibits a significant preference for high-density lipoproteins. Although apoM, S1P, and the apoM/S1P complex have been discovered more than a decade earlier, the overall function of the apoM/S1P complex remains controversial. Evidence suggests that the complex plays a role in inflammation and cholesterol metabolism and is important for maintaining a healthy endothelial barrier, regulating the turnover of triglycerides from lipoproteins, and reducing cholesterol accumulation in vessel walls. Recent studies have also addressed the role of apoM and S1P in the development of diabetes and obesity. However, limited evidence is available, and the data published so far deviates. This review discusses the specific elements indicative of the protective or harmful effects of apoM, S1P, and the apoM/S1P complex on type 2 diabetes development. Since drugs targeting the S1P system and its receptors are available and could be potentially used for treating diabetes, this research topic is a pertinent one.

scholarly journals Repurposing FDA-Approved Drugs for COVID-19 Using a Data-Driven Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo R. R. Duarte ◽  
Dennis C. Copertino Jr. ◽  
Luis P. Iñiguez ◽  
Jez L. Marston ◽  
Douglas F. Nixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

<p>There have been more than 116,000 recorded deaths worldwide to-date caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and over 1.8 million individuals are currently infected. Although there are now hundreds of clinical trials for COVID-19, there are currently no effective licensed treatments, while the numbers of infected individuals continue to rise at an exponential rate in many parts of the world. Here, we used a data-driven approach utilizing connectivity mapping and the transcriptional signature of lung carcinoma cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, to search for drugs across the spectrum of medicine that have repurposing potential for treating COVID-19. We also performed chemoinformatic analyses to test whether the identified compounds were predicted to physically interact with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or main protease enzymes. Our study identified commonly prescribed FDA-approved molecules as important candidates for drug repositioning against COVID-19, including flupentixol, reserpine, fluoxetine, trifluoperazine, sunitinib, atorvastatin, raloxifene, butoconazole, and metformin. These drugs should not be taken for treating or preventing COVID-19 without a doctor’s advice, as further research and clinical trials are now needed to elucidate their efficacy for this purpose.</p>

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