scholarly journals On the use of plume models to estimate the flux in volcanic gas plumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Woitischek ◽  
Nicola Mingotti ◽  
Marie Edmonds ◽  
Andrew W. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Gas Flux ◽  
Convective Structures ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Villarrica Volcano

AbstractMany of the standard volcanic gas flux measurement approaches involve absorption spectroscopy in combination with wind speed measurements. Here, we present a new method using video images of volcanic plumes to measure the speed of convective structures combined with classical plume theory to estimate volcanic fluxes. We apply the method to a nearly vertical gas plume at Villarrica Volcano, Chile, and a wind-blown gas plume at Mount Etna, Italy. Our estimates of the gas fluxes are consistent in magnitude with previous reported fluxes obtained by spectroscopy and electrochemical sensors for these volcanoes. Compared to conventional gas flux measurement techniques focusing on SO2, our new model also has the potential to be used for sulfur-poor plumes in hydrothermal systems because it estimates the H2O flux.

scholarly journals A rapid deployment instrument network for temporarily monitoring volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions – a study case from Telica volcano

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-211
Author(s):  
V. Conde ◽  
D. Nilsson ◽  
B. Galle ◽  
R. Cartagena ◽  
A. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Data Set ◽  
So2 Flux ◽  
Geophysical Processes ◽  
Rapid Deployment ◽  
Short Time

Abstract. Volcanic gas emissions play a crucial role in describing geophysical processes; hence measurements of magmatic gases such as SO2 can be used as tracers prior and during volcanic crises. Different measurement techniques based on optical spectroscopy have provided valuable information when assessing volcanic crises. This paper describes the design and implementation of a network of spectroscopic instruments based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) for remote sensing of volcanic SO2 emissions, which is robust, portable and can be deployed in relative short time. The setup allows the processing of raw data in situ even in remote areas with limited accessibility, and delivers pre-processed data to end-users in near real time even during periods of volcanic crisis, via a satellite link. In addition, the hardware can be used to conduct short term studies of volcanic plumes in remotes areas. The network was tested at Telica, an active volcano located in western Nicaragua, producing what is so far the largest data set of continuous SO2 flux measurements at this volcano.

Alternative Turbulent Trace Gas Flux Measurement Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 1517-1543
Author(s):  
Janne Rinne ◽  
Christof Ammann ◽  
Elizabeth Pattey ◽  
Kyaw Tha Paw U ◽  
Raymond L. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Gas Flux

scholarly journals Comparison of heat flux measurement techniques during the DIII-D metal ring campaign

2017 ◽  
Vol T170 ◽  
pp. 014007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Barton ◽  
R E Nygren ◽  
E A Unterberg ◽  
J G Watkins ◽  
M A Makowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Metal Ring ◽  
Heat Flux Measurement

Base heat flux measurement techniques in impulse hypersonic test facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2414-2427
Author(s):  
Kiran J. Irimpan ◽  
Viren Menezes ◽  
K. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Heat Flux Measurement

scholarly journals Fabrication of Patterned Integrated Electrochemical Sensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mujeeb-U-Rahman ◽  
Dvin Adalian ◽  
Axel Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Nanoscale Patterning ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Integrated Microsystems ◽  
Electronic Measurement

Fabrication of integrated electrochemical sensors is an important step towards realizing fully integrated and truly wireless platforms for many local, real-time sensing applications. Micro/nanoscale patterning of small area electrochemical sensor surfaces enhances the sensor performance to overcome the limitations resulting from their small surface area and thus is the key to the successful miniaturization of integrated platforms. We have demonstrated the microfabrication of electrochemical sensors utilizing top-down lithography and etching techniques on silicon and CMOS substrates. This choice of fabrication avoids the need of bottom-up techniques that are not compatible with established methods for fabricating electronics (e.g., CMOS) which form the industrial basis of most integrated microsystems. We present the results of applying microfabricated sensors to various measurement problems, with special attention to their use for continuous DNA and glucose sensing. Our results demonstrate the advantages of using micro- and nanofabrication techniques for the miniaturization and optimization of modern sensing platforms that employ well-established electronic measurement techniques.

scholarly journals Quantifying fugitive gas emissions from an oil sands tailings pond with open-path Fourier transform infrared measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 945-959
Author(s):  
Yuan You ◽  
Samar G. Moussa ◽  
Lucas Zhang ◽  
Long Fu ◽  
James Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Inverse Dispersion ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
Emission Fluxes

Abstract. Fugitive emissions from tailings ponds contribute significantly to facility emissions in the Alberta oil sands, but details on chemical emission profiles and the temporal and spatial variability of emissions to the atmosphere are sparse, since flux measurement techniques applied for compliance monitoring have their limitations. In this study, open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was evaluated as a potential alternative method for quantifying spatially representative fluxes for various pollutants (methane, ammonia, and alkanes) from a particular pond, using vertical-flux-gradient and inverse-dispersion methods. Gradient fluxes of methane averaged 4.3 g m−2 d−1 but were 44 % lower than nearby eddy covariance measurements, while inverse-dispersion fluxes agreed to within 30 %. With the gradient fluxes method, significant NH3 emission fluxes were observed (0.05 g m−2 d−1, 42 t yr−1), and total alkane fluxes were estimated to be 1.05 g m−2 d−1 (881 t yr−1), representing 9.6 % of the facility emissions.

Combining spectroscopic and flux measurement techniques to determine solid-phase speciation and solubility of phosphorus in agricultural soils

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 115677
Author(s):  
Jirapat Tuntrachanida ◽  
Worachart Wisawapipat ◽  
Surachet Aramrak ◽  
Natthapol Chittamart ◽  
Wantana Klysubun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Flux Measurement
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