scholarly journals Induction of Rosette-to-Lumen stage embryoids using reprogramming paradigms in ESCs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Langkabel ◽  
Arik Horne ◽  
Lorenzo Bonaguro ◽  
Lisa Holsten ◽  
Tatiana Hesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Stem Cell Lines

AbstractBlastocyst-derived stem cell lines were shown to self-organize into embryo-like structures in 3D cell culture environments. Here, we provide evidence that embryo-like structures can be generated solely based on transcription factor-mediated reprogramming of embryonic stem cells in a simple 3D co-culture system. Embryonic stem cells in these cultures self-organize into elongated, compartmentalized embryo-like structures reflecting aspects of the inner regions of the early post-implantation embryo. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional profiles resembling epiblast, primitive-/visceral endoderm, and extraembryonic ectoderm of early murine embryos around E4.5–E5.5. In this stem cell-based embryo model, progression from rosette formation to lumenogenesis accompanied by progression from naïve- to primed pluripotency was observed within Epi-like cells. Additionally, lineage specification of primordial germ cells and distal/anterior visceral endoderm-like cells was observed in epiblast- or visceral endoderm-like compartments, respectively. The system presented in this study allows for fast and reproducible generation of embryo-like structures, providing an additional tool to study aspects of early embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Embryos, Clones, and Stem Cells: A Scientific Primer

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 662-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyon S. Tweedell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Stem Cell Lines

This article is intended to give the nonspecialist an insight into the nuances of “clones”, cloning, and stem cells. It distinguishes embryonic and adult stem cells, their normal function in the organism, their origin, and how they are recovered to produce stem cell lines in culture. As background, the fundamental processes of embryo development are reviewed and defined, since the manipulation of stem cell lines into desired specialized cells employs many of the same events. Stem cells are defined and characterized and shown how they function in the intact organism during early development and later during cell regeneration in the adult. The complexity of stem cell recovery and their manipulation into specific cells and tissue is illustrated by reviewing current experimentation on both embryonic and adult stem cells in animals and limited research on human stem cell lines. The current and projected use of stem cells for human diseases and repair, along with the expanding methodology for the recovery of human embryonic stem cells, is described. An assessment on the use of human embryonic stem cells is considered from ethical, legal, religious, and political viewpoints.

scholarly journals Cytotrophoblast stem cell lines derived from human embryonic stem cells and their capacity to mimic invasive implantation events

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Harun ◽  
L. Ruban ◽  
M. Matin ◽  
J. Draper ◽  
N.M. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Lines

Will Embryonic Stem Cells Change Health Policy?

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Sage
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Lines ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
Stem Cell Science

Essays on stem cell policy seem to fall into three categories. Some essays in this collection are about logic and principles. Others are about practices and beliefs. The former group draws lines and defends them, a normative project. The latter group attempts to explain the lines that already exist, a descriptive project that may have important normative goals. Still other essays, by scientists, are about growing stem cell lines instead of drawing them.The purpose of this essay is to situate the lines being drawn around stem cell science in the larger landscape of health policy. I am interested in the things that cause health policy to take particular directions and the consequences of those directions for cost, access, and quality — all of which are determined in part by biomedical innovations such as those potentially derived from stem cells.

scholarly journals 187EFFECTS OF OXYGEN TENSION ON ESTABLISHMENT, LDH ISOZYMES, AND MRNA EXPRESSION OF MURINE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
J. Gibbons ◽  
E. Hewitt ◽  
D.K. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
High O2 ◽  
Culture Environment ◽  
Stem Cell Lines ◽  
Ldh Isozymes

Orchestrated differentiation of embryonic stem cells into specific tissues or cells will be invaluable for xenotransplantation, biomedicine, and pharmacology. However, the lack of a standardized culture environment for establishment and maintenance of cell lines has hindered the application of this technology. In other cell types, O2 concentration in the culture environment can have a profound effect on proliferation and differentiation. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that establishment dynamics, LDH isoforms, and mRNA expression patterns of the resulting cell lines would be affected by the O2 tension in the culture environment. Blastocysts recovered from mice (C57BL/6) uteri on Day 4 (post coitis) were placed in Speciality Medium (4500mgL−1 glucose) DMEM (plus 0.01μgmL−1 LIF) and cultured in a gas environment of 5% CO2 and either ∼20% or 5% O2. More (P<0.05) blastocysts hatched and produced outgrowths (Day 4 of DMEM culture) in the low (76.7±0.1%) compared to the high (58.3±0.1%) O2 group. Although the number of cells per outgrowth was similar between groups (low=58.1±5.2, high=58.8±5.7), a smaller number of colonies in the high O2 group (9/15; 64.3%) stained positive for alkaline phosphatase relative to the low O2 group (14/15; 93.3%). Oxygen treatment had no effect on the patterns of activity of the oxioreductase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in either outgrowths or established stem cell lines. Interestingly, the stem cell lines (both O2 groups) displayed multiple isoforms (Isoforms 3, 4, and 5) of LDH, whereas the outgrowths displayed only Isoform 5. In contrast, two-cell embryos and blastocysts displayed only Isoform 1, and fibroblasts displayed Isoforms 4 and 5. Expression (mRNA) profiles were developed from blastocyst outgrowths, stem cell colonies, and established stem cell lines cultured under either high or low O2 tension, using a RT-PCR for LDH (Isozymes α and β) and a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK2; Isozyme 1 and 2). There were no differences between the high and low O2 groups in mRNA expression of LDHα in the outgrowths, or established stem cells. Expression of LDHβ was at a very low level regardless of O2 treatment or cell type. Outgrowths from the low O2 group expressed Isozyme 1 of PFK2 whereas the outgrowths from the high O2 group did not. Enhanced expression of PFK2 is suggestive of increased glycolytic capacity. Reduced O2 environment during the peri-hatching period had significant effects on the resulting embryonic stem cells, supporting the hypothesis that O2 tension can affect stem cell establishment and maintenance.

scholarly journals Strategy to Establish Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5011
Author(s):  
Daehwan Kim ◽  
Sangho Roh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.

scholarly journals Tet1 and Tet2 Regulate 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Production and Cell Lineage Specification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Peng Koh ◽  
Akiko Yabuuchi ◽  
Sridhar Rao ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Kerrianne Cunniff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Lineage Specification

Stress resistant human embryonic stem cells as a potential source for the identification of novel cancer stem cell markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaker A. Mousa ◽  
Thangirala Sudha ◽  
Evgeny Dyskin ◽  
Usawadee Dier ◽  
Christine Gallati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Potential Source

Developmentally regulated use of alternative promoters creates a novel platelet-derived growth factor receptor transcript in mouse teratocarcinoma and embryonic stem cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4563-4567
Author(s):  
T H Vu ◽  
G R Martin ◽  
P Lee ◽  
D Mark ◽  
A Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Extracellular Domain ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Alternative Promoters

Embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem cells expressed a novel form of platelet-derived growth factor receptor mRNA which was approximately 1,100 base pairs shorter than the 5.3-kilobase (kb) transcript expressed in fibroblasts and other cell types. The 4.2-kb stem cell transcript was initiated within the genomic region immediately upstream of exon 6 of the 5.3-kb transcript and therefore lacked the first five exons, which encode much of the extracellular domain of the receptor expressed in fibroblasts. In stem cells, the short form was predominant, although both forms were present at low levels. Following differentiation in vitro, expression levels of the long form increased dramatically. These findings suggest that during early embryogenesis, a stem cell-specific promoter is used in a stage- and cell type-specific manner to express a form of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor that lacks much of the extracellular domain and may function independently of ligand.

scholarly journals Lineage specification of early embryos and embryonic stem cells at the dawn of enabling technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangdun Peng ◽  
Patrick P. L. Tam ◽  
Naihe Jing
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Stem Cell Pluripotency

Abstract Establishment of progenitor cell populations and lineage diversity during embryogenesis and the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is a fascinating and intricate biological process. Conceptually, an understanding of this developmental process provides a framework to integrate stem-cell pluripotency, cell competence and differentiating potential with the activity of extrinsic and intrinsic molecular determinants. The recent advent of enabling technologies of high-resolution transcriptome analysis at the cellular, population and spatial levels proffers the capability of gaining deeper insights into the attributes of the gene regulatory network and molecular signaling in lineage specification and differentiation. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the emerging enabling genomic technologies that contribute to the study of development and stem-cell biology.

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