Diferentes Perspectivas nas Abordagens da Saúde/ Doença

O homem é visto num aspecto mais abrangente como sendo um cientista imperfeito, inserido numa realidade social, os sujeitos e seus laços se estabelecem em um território na busca de qualidade de vida. O objetivo do estudo é investigar as diferentes perspectivas elaboradas na abordagem do binômio saúde e doença. Embora sejam muito diversas em razão da peculiaridade de seus contextos culturais, as sociedades apresentam, também, características comuns. Necessita do desempenho de certas funções universais, indispensáveis ao prosseguimento de seu curso, entre elas a saúde. É bem verdade que estar saudável vai além de não ser acometido por um tipo de enfermidade, relacionada a aspectos como cultura, meio ambiente, congênito, genético, entre outros, ligados à história de cada indivíduo. É por essa razão que a educação em saúde deve ser o objetivo dos profissionais da saúde para o indivíduo, para o melhor da coletividade. Man is seen in a broader aspect as being an imperfect scientist, inserted in a social reality, the subjects and their bonds are established in a territory in the search for quality of life. The objective of the study is to investigate the different perspectives elaborated in the approach to the binomial health and disease. Although they are very diverse due to the peculiarity of their cultural contexts, societies also have common characteristics. It requires the performance of certain universal functions, indispensable to the continuation of its course, among them health. It is very true that being healthy goes beyond not being affected by a type of illness, related to aspects such as culture, environment, congenital, genetic, among others, linked to the history of each individual. It is for this reason that health education should be the goal of health professionals for the individual, for the best of the collectivity.

Assessing learners’ needs for practising spoken Icelandic L2 with the mobile app TALAÐU!

This article presents results from a human-centred approach study to designing a mobile app TALAÐU!, which aims at assisting learners of Icelandic as a second language (L2) with spoken language practice. The main goal of the app would be to encourage learners to have real-life conversations with Icelandic speakers by accomplishing conversational missions. In the first stage of development, a qualitative deep-method needs study in the form of interviews was conducted with 19 migrants from 14 different countries, who permanently live in Iceland. Results indicated that learners have five core needs for practising spoken language: connection, confidence, clarity, growth, and convenience. Based on different learning styles and confidence in speaking rather than language ability, three main learner profiles were indicated: ‘diving in’, ‘learning with caution’ and ‘dipping a toe’. Both the learners’ needs and the profiles would drive the design of the learning app to personalise and maximise the learner experience with practising spoken L2. This human-centred study approach suggests an innovative strategy in designing a learning app for practising L2 in a specific language and culture environment.

A Novel Vitronectin Peptide Facilitates Differentiation of Oligodendrocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (Synthetic ECM for Oligodendrocyte Differentiation)

Differentiation of oligodendrocytes (ODs) presents a challenge in regenerative medicine due to their role in various neurological diseases associated with dysmyelination and demyelination. Here, we designed a peptide derived from vitronectin (VN) using in silico docking simulation and examined its use as a synthetic substrate to support the differentiation of ODs derived from human pluripotent stem cells. The designed peptide, named VNP2, promoted OD differentiation induced by the overexpression of SOX10 in OD precursor cells compared with Matrigel and full-length VN. ODs differentiated on VNP2 exhibited greater contact with axon-mimicking nanofibers than those differentiated on Matrigel. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes associated with morphogenesis, cytoskeleton remodeling, and OD differentiation were upregulated in cells grown on VNP2 compared with cells grown on Matrigel. This new synthetic VN-derived peptide can be used to develop a culture environment for efficient OD differentiation.

A Two-Level, Intramutant Spectrum Haplotype Profile of Hepatitis C Virus Revealed by Self-Organized Maps

The study provides for the first time the haplotype profile and its variation in the course of its adaptation to a cell culture environment in the absence of external selective constraints. The deep sequencing-based self-organized maps document a two-layer haplotype distribution with an ample basal platform and a lower number of protruding peaks.

PECTORAL FROM TOVSTA MOHYLA AS A REMINISCENCE OF THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES: SEARCHING THE ORIGIN OF IDEA

Pectorals in form of breast decoration of a moon-like shape were not peculiar for the Scythian culture. Many ideas on manufacturing the pectoral, which was found by B. Mozolevsky in 1971 during the Tovsta Mohyla excavations, were borrowed by the craftsman from the other culture environment. By the opinion of many researchers, the influence of different traditions of the ancient Greek art is easy-to-see in the pectoral’s composition. Besides, it is inheriting in frieze forming similarelly to sculptural compositions fronton of the Parthenon, borrowing motives of floral ornaments, coin plots etc. But the creative work of the author of pectoral could have been influenced not only by decorative art but the literary monument too. To the latter the Homer’s «Iliad» can be named, especially its 18th playsong, which describes Hephaestus manufacturing the Shield of Achilles. It is interesting that the Pectoral from Tovsta Mohyla was compared with the Shield of Achilles by many researchers (I. V. Yatsenko, L. A. Lelekov and D. S. Rayevsky, V. Y. Mukhaylin). As at its core both Shield of Achilles and the pectoral are pieces of art of high artistic merit, which represent world cosmologic pictures with the help of the opposite action areas made with high relief figures. The breast collars, which are widely known by the findings of Thrace and Macedonia, could lead to generation of ideas that influenced the pectoral’s invention. Such breast collars actually were small hanging shields, which protected in battle the warrior’s weakest spot. By their form and functions they are close to peltes — light skin shields of a moon-like shape. Such peltes were not only well known by toreuts who worked on the Scythians’ orders, but also were recreated by them in battle-pieces on the comb from Soloha and on the calathus from Vylyka Blysnytsya. So it can be considered that the pectoral’s conception was based on the different but connected ideas, borrowed by the craftsman from the military sphere. As a result of the composed transformation of the association chain the Shield of Achilles — Peltes shield — breast collars (or vise versa) and synthesis of several ideas, there was formed a general vision of the pectoral with the corresponding shape, composition structure and separate ornamental patterns.

Challenges in Implementation of Digital Culture Environment among Rural Community in Malaysia: An Overview

The purpose of the article is to assess the current challenges in the implementation of the Digital Culture Environment among the rural community in Malaysia. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the online environment where a drastic usage of digital tools has been observed among Malaysian. The digital culture is defined as the culture shaped by the emergence of digital technologies and their usage in the community. The literature survey approach has been applied as the methodology of study to explore the current challenges in the implementation of the Digital Culture Environment among the rural community in Malaysia. Several challenges have been identified, including the rural sustainable issues, digital divides, demographic factors, Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) factor, individual, as well as behavior factor. According to the literature review conducted, these challenges have been revealed to significantly hurdle the government’s movement in implementing the digital culture within the rural community. To overcome these challenges, a strong and effective supporting model should be formulated to assist the government in building and establish a digital culture environment in Malaysia, particularly among the rural community. Hence, a further in-depth study is required to acquire comprehensive literature information to address this issue.

Correlation Analysis of Corporate Culture, Performance Management and Employee Development

In the process of development, the most important thing is to train talents and improve the comprehensive quality of employees. As the main content of talent training, corporate culture and performance management can be said to provide theoretical support for performance management.A good corporate culture environment can not only restrain the behavior of staff, but also improve the quality of performance management and promote the benign occurrence of enterprises in society. Based on this, this paper analyzes the correlation between corporate culture, performance management and employee development, and perfects the content and system of performance culture.

A non-canonical convergence of carbohydrate and glutamine metabolism is required after metabolic rewiring in 3D environment

The fate of pyruvate, which is modulated mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) activity, is a defining metabolic feature in many cancers. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a genetically and metabolically heterogenous cancer. Although MPC expression and activity differed between DLBCL subgroups, mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation was uniformly minimal. Mitochondrial pyruvate was instead robustly consumed by glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 to support α-ketoglutarate production as part of glutamine catabolism. This led us to discover that glutamine exceeds pyruvate as a carbon source for the TCA cycle, but, MPC function is required to enable GPT2-mediated glutamine catabolism. Furthermore, we found that MPC inhibition only decreased DLBCL proliferation in a solid culture environment, but not in a suspension environment. Thus, the non-canonical connection between the consumption and assimilation of carbohydrates and glutamine in DLBCLs enables their proliferation in a solid 3D environment.

Virtual Ophthalmology Fellowship Interviews: Perceptions of U.S. Ophthalmology Fellowship Applicants in 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the experiences and preferences of ophthalmology fellowship applicants utilizing a virtual interview format. Design Present study is a cross-sectional study. Subjects All fellowship applicants to Wills Eye Hospital during 2020 to 2021 application cycle were included. Methods A nonvalidated, online survey was conducted, and surveys were distributed at the conclusion of the interview process after rank list submission. Main Outcome Measures Applicant demographics, application submissions, interview experiences, financial considerations, and suggestions for improvement of the virtual interview process were the primary outcomes of this cross-sectional study. Results Survey responses were received from 68 fellowship applicants (34% response rate). Thirty (44%) applicants preferred in-person interviews, 25 (36%) preferred virtual interviews, and 13 (19%) would like to prefer the option to choose either. Fifty-five of 68 (80%) applicants attended the same range of interviews for which they received interview invitations. Reduced costs were reported as the highest ranked strength of virtual interviews in 44 (65%) applicants, with a majority of respondents (68%) spending less than U.S. $250 throughout the entire process. The highest ranked limitation for virtual interviews was limited exposure to the culture/environment of the program in 20 (29%) respondents. On a scale of 0 to 100, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) satisfaction level with the fellowship application process was 74.6 (18.3) and mean (SD) perceived effectiveness levels of virtual interviews was 67.4 (20.4). Conclusion Respondents were generally satisfied with virtual interviews and noted reduced costs and increased ability to attend more fellowship interviews as the strengths of the virtual interview format. Limited exposure to the culture/environment of the program was cited as the most important limitation.