scholarly journals Understanding communicative intentions in schizophrenia using an error analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parola Alberto ◽  
Claudio Brasso ◽  
Rosalba Morese ◽  
Paola Rocca ◽  
Francesca M. Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Attributional Bias ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPatients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have a core impairment in the communicative-pragmatic domain, characterized by severe difficulties in correctly inferring the speaker’s communicative intentions. While several studies have investigated pragmatic performance of patients with SCZ, little research has analyzed the errors committed in the comprehension of different communicative acts. The present research investigated error patterns in 24 patients with SCZ and 24 healthy controls (HC) during a task assessing the comprehension of different communicative acts, i.e., sincere, deceitful and ironic, and their relationship with the clinical features of SCZ. We used signal detection analysis to quantify participants’ ability to correctly detect the speakers’ communicative intention, i.e., sensitivity, and their tendency to wrongly perceive a communicative intention when not present, i.e., response bias. Further, we investigated the relationship between sensitivity and response bias, and the clinical features of the disorder, namely symptom severity, pharmacotherapy, and personal and social functioning. The results showed that the ability to infer the speaker’s communicative intention is impaired in SCZ, as patients exhibited lower sensitivity, compared to HC, for all the pragmatic phenomena evaluated, i.e., sincere, deceitful, and ironic communicative acts. Further, we found that the sensitivity measure for irony was related to disorganized/concrete symptoms. Moreover, patients with SCZ showed a stronger response bias for deceitful communicative acts compared to HC: when committing errors, they tended to misattribute deceitful intentions more often than sincere and ironic ones. This tendency to misattribute deceitful communicative intentions may be related to the attributional bias characterizing the disorder.

Comparison of Three Psychophysical Techniques for Estimating Body-Size Perception

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1379-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick M. Gardner ◽  
Leifann C. Jones ◽  
Eric D. Bokenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Size Distortion ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Body Size Perception ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
Method Of Adjustment

Perception of body size was recorded for 63 university students ( M age = 25.3 yr., 41 women) who estimated their own body size using three methods. Using the method of adjustment, subjects over- or underestimated their body size. A signal-detection analysis indicated that subjects were sensitive to detecting a 4% distortion in body size and that there was no systematic bias for reporting distortion as present or absent. Scores on the adaptive probit estimation task were significantly correlated with values for point of subjective equality and the size judgements with the method of adjustment. Over-all, this experiment demonstrated adaptive probit estimation as a reliable indicator of perceived body size, sensitivity in detecting size distortion, and response bias in making body-size judgements.

Signal Detection Analysis of Effect of White Noise Intensity on Sensitivity to Visual Flicker

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan W. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Noise Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis

Rating scale estimates of sensitivity to visual flicker were obtained from three subjects under 10 different intensities of auditory stimulation. Results indicated reliable “sawtooch”-like changes in sensitivity as a function of increasing intensity of white noise. No systematic and reliable changes were found in estimates of response bias. Theory and future research are discussed with reference to the possible contribution of cortical arousal.

scholarly journals To “See” Is to Feel Grateful? A Quasi-Signal Detection Analysis of Romantic Partners’ Sacrifices

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko L. Visserman ◽  
Emily A. Impett ◽  
Francesca Righetti ◽  
Amy Muise ◽  
Dacher Keltner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Total N ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Although gratitude plays a central role in the quality of relationships, little is known about how gratitude emerges, such as in response to partners’ sacrifices. Do people need to accurately see these acts to feel grateful? In two daily experience studies of romantic couples (total N = 426), we used a quasi-signal detection paradigm to examine the prevalence and consequences of (in)accurately “seeing” and missing partners’ sacrifices. Findings consistently showed that sacrifices are equally likely to be missed as they are to be accurately detected, and about half of the time people “see” a sacrifice when the partner declares none. Importantly, “seeing” partners’ sacrifices—accurately or inaccurately—is crucial for boosting gratitude. In contrast, missed sacrifices fail to elicit gratitude, and the lack of appreciation negatively colors the partner’s satisfaction with the relationship when having sacrificed. Thus, these findings illustrate the power that perception holds in romantic couples’ daily lives.

Signal Detection Analysis of Visual Flicker in Deaf and Hearing Individuals

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bross ◽  
Hannelore Sauerwein
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Stimulus Probability ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
Flicker Task ◽  
Sensory Compensation

A comparison of deaf and hearing subjects on temporal visual resolving power was conducted within a signal-detection paradigm. Subjects were required to make forced-choice judgments of a visual-flicker task under three stimulus probability conditions (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75). A total of 600 trials were given each subject from which d′ and Beta, indices for sensory sensitivity and response bias respectively, were computed. No significant differences existed on sensory sensitivity or response bias which questions some traditional assumptions about sensory compensation.

Laterality Effects in Judgment of the Identity and Position of Letters: A Signal Detection Analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Robertshaw ◽  
Michael Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rectangular Matrix ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis

In two experiments subjects received 100 ms tachistoscopic presentations, either to left or right of fixation, of a rectangular matrix of 12 cells. On each trial three cells were filled, each with a different symbol drawn from a set of 12 letters and digits. In one (the “letter” experiment) subjects had to decide whether a particular letter (nominated at the end of the trial) had been one of the three presented. In a second (the “position” experiment) they had to decide whether a cell in the matrix (again nominated at the end of the trial) had been one of those that contained a symbol. Judgments were made on a four-point rating scale, and measures of sensitivity and response bias were calculated. In the letter experiment sensitivity was greater for presentations to right of fixation, and in the position experiment for those to left.

A Signal Detection Analysis of the Effects of Workload, Task-Critical and Likelihood Information on Human Alarm Response

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Alarm Response ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of task-critical and likelihood information on participants' sensitivity and bias to alarm signals under varying levels of workload. Participants performed a complex primary task at the same time they performed a secondary task. Likelihood information was manipulated through the use of either a Binary Alarm System (BAS) or a Likelihood Alarm System (LAS). As expected, task-critical and likelihood information significantly increased participants' sensitivity, and this varied across workload levels. Participants benefited from task-critical information only when they were interacting with the BAS. However, participants benefited from likelihood information regardless of task-critical information, particularly under high-workload conditions. Furthermore, task-critical information increased participants' response bias under low workload, making them less likely to respond to alarm signals. These results demonstrated the superior advantage of an LAS over a traditional BAS and showed support for the use of an LAS as a way to mitigate the cry-wolf effect above and beyond task-critical information.

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