scholarly journals Reduced cortical gyrification in the posteromedial cortex in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with high genetic loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyung Park ◽  
Minah Kim ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Wu Jeong Hwang ◽  
Yoo Bin Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Genetic Vulnerability ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gyrification Index ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities ◽  
Genetic Loading ◽  
Cingulate Gyri

AbstractAlthough abnormal cortical gyrification has been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia, whether gyrification abnormalities reflect a genetic risk for the disorder remains unknown. This study investigated differences in cortical gyrification between unaffected relatives (URs) with high genetic loading for schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs) to identify potential genetic vulnerability markers. A total of 50 URs of schizophrenia patients and 50 matched HCs underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to compare whole-brain gyrification using the local gyrification index (lGI). Then, the lGI clusters showing significant differences were compared between the UR subgroups based on the number of first-degree relatives with schizophrenia to identify the effect of genetic loading on cortical gyrification changes. The URs exhibited significantly lower cortical gyrification than the HCs in clusters including medial parieto-occipital and cingulate regions comprising the bilateral precuneus, cuneus, pericalcarine, lingual, isthmus cingulate, and posterior cingulate gyri. Moreover, URs who had two or more first-degree relatives with schizophrenia showed greater gyrification reductions in these clusters than those who had at least one first-degree relative with schizophrenia. Our findings of reduced gyrification in URs, which are consistent with accumulated evidence of hypogyria observed in regions showing patient-control differences in previous studies, highlight that such hypogyria in posteromedial regions may serve as a genetic vulnerability marker and reflect early neurodevelopmental abnormalities resulting from a genetic risk for schizophrenia.

Disturbed thalamocortical connectivity in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with a high genetic loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Ik K Cho ◽  
Minah Kim ◽  
Youngwoo Bryan Yoon ◽  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Genetic Loading

Objectives: Alterations in thalamocortical anatomical connectivity, specifically the connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus, have been frequently reported in schizophrenia and are suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The connectivity of the thalamocortical white matter in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients was compared to that of healthy controls. Methods: The unaffected relative group was defined as asymptomatic family members who had at least one first-degree relative with schizophrenia and one or more other affected first- to third-degree relatives. A total of 35 unaffected relatives and 34 healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to examine the white matter connectivity between the thalamus and orbitofrontal cortex using probabilistic tractography. Results: After controlling for age and sex, the unaffected relatives exhibited significantly reduced fractional anisotropy values for the left thalamo-orbitofrontal tract compared to that of healthy controls, F(1, 65) = 6.93, p = 0.011, effect size partial η2 = 0.10. However, there was no association between the Genetic Liability Score and fractional anisotropy in the left thalamo-orbitofrontal tracts. Conclusion: Our findings in the unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients, which are in line with the alterations reported in schizophrenia, first-episode psychosis and clinical high risk for psychosis, highlight a possible genetic contribution to the proposed biomarker of altered thalamocortical connectivity.

Altered brain gyrification in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Takayanagi ◽  
Daiki Sasabayashi ◽  
Tsutomu Takahashi ◽  
Yuko Komori ◽  
Atsushi Furuichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Deficit Syndrome ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Gyrification Index ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities ◽  
Cingulate Gyri

AbstractBackgroundPatients with the deficit form of schizophrenia (D-SZ) are characterized by severe primary negative symptoms and differ from patients with the non-deficit form of schizophrenia (ND-SZ) in several aspects. No study has measured brain gyrification, which is a potential marker of neurodevelopment, in D-SZ and ND-SZ.MethodsWe obtained magnetic resonance scans from 135 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls. The proxy scale for deficit syndrome (PDS) was used for the classification of D-SZ and ND-SZ. The local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was measured using FreeSurfer. Thirty-seven D-SZ and 36 ND-SZ patients were included in the LGI analyses. We compared LGI across the groups.ResultsSZ patients exhibited hyper-gyral patterns in the bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, bilateral anterior cingulate gyri and right lateral parietal/occipital cortices as compared with HCs. Although patients with D-SZ or ND-SZ had higher LGI in similar regions compared with HC, the hyper-gyral patterns were broader in ND-SZ. ND-SZ patients exhibited a significantly higher LGI in the left inferior parietal lobule relative to D-SZ patients. Duration of illness inversely associated with LGI in broad regions only among ND-SZ patients.ConclusionsThe common hyper-gyral patterns among D-SZ and ND-SZ suggest that D-SZ and ND-SZ may share neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The different degrees of cortical gyrification seen in the left parietal regions, and the distinct correlation between illness chronicity and LGI observed in the prefrontal and insular cortices may be related to the differences in the clinical manifestations among D-SZ and ND-SZ.

scholarly journals Saccadic distractibility is elevated in schizophrenia patients, but not in their unaffected relatives

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1727-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES H. MacCABE ◽  
HELEN SIMON ◽  
JOLANTA W. ZANELLI ◽  
REBECCA WALWYN ◽  
COLM D. McDONALD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Genetic Loading

Background. Saccadic distractibility, as measured by the antisaccade task, has attracted attention as a putative endophenotypic marker for schizophrenia. Some studies have suggested that this measure is elevated in the unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients. However, recent studies have called this into question and the topic remains controversial.Method. Saccadic distractibility was measured in 53 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia, 80 unaffected first-degree relatives and 41 unaffected controls.Results. Schizophrenia patients performed worse than relatives and controls combined (p<0·00001), but relatives did not differ significantly from controls. Performance in multiply affected families was no worse than that in singly affected families. Relatives with a high presumed genetic risk for schizophrenia performed no worse than other relatives. The performance of the patients did not predict that of their relatives.Conclusions. These results demonstrate that saccadic distractibility is strongly associated with disease status but not with genetic loading for schizophrenia. We conclude that saccadic distractibility is unlikely to be useful as an endophenotypic marker in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Assessment of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Razek ◽  
El-hadidy Mohamed El-Hadidy ◽  
Mohamed El-Said Moawad ◽  
Nader El-Metwaly ◽  
Amr Abd El-hamid El-Said
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thyroid Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lacrimal Glands ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fluorine-mediated synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide nanostructures for efficient T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Yiding Liu ◽  
Chunyu Zhou ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Xun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanostructures

Herein, we developed a novel strategy for the shape-controlled synthesis of fluorine-doped iron oxide nanostructures with superior r2 values through the introduction of fluoride ions as a morphology controlling agent...

Biomineralized iron oxide–polydopamine hybrid nanodots for contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal tumor ablation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1781-1786
Author(s):  
Ze’ai Wang ◽  
Yanfeng Wang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Chaogang Wei ◽  
Yibin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Tumor Ablation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Biomineralized iron oxide–polydopamine hybrid nanodots are constructed using albumin nanoreactors to facilitate contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as well as photothermal therapeutic efficacy.

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