scholarly journals Butyrate-producing bacteria supplemented in vitro to Crohn’s disease patient microbiota increased butyrate production and enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier integrity

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Geirnaert ◽  
Marta Calatayud ◽  
Charlotte Grootaert ◽  
Debby Laukens ◽  
Sarah Devriese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Butyrate Production

scholarly journals Bovine dairy complex lipids improve in vitro measures of small intestinal epithelial barrier integrity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0190839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Anderson ◽  
Alastair K. H. MacGibbon ◽  
Neill Haggarty ◽  
Kelly M. Armstrong ◽  
Nicole C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Complex Lipids ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Salmonella Effector SpvB Disrupts Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity for Bacterial Translocation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanqing Sun ◽  
Sidi Yang ◽  
Qifeng Deng ◽  
Kedi Dong ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Junctional Complex ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction

Salmonella are common enteric bacterial pathogens that infect both humans and animals. Intestinal epithelial barrier, formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and apical junctional complex (AJC), plays a crucial role in host defense against enteric pathogens to prevent bacterial translocation. However, the underlying mechanisms of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by Salmonella are poorly understood. It is found that a locus termed Salmonella plasmid virulence (spv) gene exists extensively in clinically important Salmonella serovars. SpvB is a key effector encoded within this locus, and closely related to Salmonella pathogenicity such as interfering with autophagy and iron homeostasis. To investigate the interaction between SpvB and intestinal epithelial barrier and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, we used the typical foodborne disease agent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium) carrying spvB or not to construct infection models in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were orally challenged with S. typhimurium wild-type strain SL1344 or spvB-deficient mutant strain SL1344-ΔspvB. Caco-2 cell monolayer model, as a widely used model to mimic the human intestinal epithelium in vitro, was infected with SL1344, SL1344-ΔspvB, or spvB complementary strain SL1344-c-ΔspvB, respectively. The results showed that SpvB enhanced bacterial pathogenicity during S. typhimurium infection in vivo, and contributed to intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in both infection systems. This SpvB-mediated barrier dysfunction was attributed to the cellular redistribution of Claudin-1, Occludin, and E-cadherin junctional proteins. Moreover, by using pharmacological inhibitors, we found that F-actin rearrangement and suppression of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway were involved in SpvB-mediated barrier dysfunction. In conclusion, the study reveals the contribution of Salmonella effector SpvB to the dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, which facilitates bacterial translocation via the paracellular route to promote Salmonella systemic dissemination. Our findings broaden the understanding of host–pathogen interactions in salmonellosis, and provide new strategies for the therapy in limiting bacterial dissemination during infection.

scholarly journals The multiple faces of inflammatory enteric glial cells: is Crohn’s disease a gliopathy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. G1-G11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Pochard ◽  
Sabrina Coquenlorge ◽  
Marie Freyssinet ◽  
Philippe Naveilhan ◽  
Arnaud Bourreille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Enteric Glial Cells ◽  
Glial Reactivity

Gone are the days when enteric glial cells (EGC) were considered merely satellites of enteric neurons. Like their brain counterpart astrocytes, EGC express an impressive number of receptors for neurotransmitters and intercellular messengers, thereby contributing to neuroprotection and to the regulation of neuronal activity. EGC also produce different soluble factors that regulate neighboring cells, among which are intestinal epithelial cells. A better understanding of EGC response to an inflammatory environment, often referred to as enteric glial reactivity, could help define the physiological role of EGC and the importance of this reactivity in maintaining gut functions. In chronic inflammatory disorders of the gut such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, EGC exhibit abnormal phenotypes, and their neighboring cells are dysfunctional; however, it remains unclear whether EGC are only passive bystanders or active players in the pathophysiology of both disorders. The aim of the present study is to review the physiological roles and properties of EGC, their response to inflammation, and their role in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and to discuss the emerging concept of CD as an enteric gliopathy.

scholarly journals Chymase-mediated intestinal epithelial permeability is regulated by a protease-activating receptor/matrix metalloproteinase-2-dependent mechanism

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (5) ◽  
pp. G479-G489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Groschwitz ◽  
David Wu ◽  
Heather Osterfeld ◽  
Richard Ahrens ◽  
Simon P. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction

Mast cells regulate intestinal barrier function during disease and homeostasis. Secretion of the mast cell-specific serine protease chymase regulates homeostasis. In the present study, we employ in vitro model systems to delineate the molecular pathways involved in chymase-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Chymase stimulation of intestinal epithelial (Caco-2 BBe) cell monolayers induced a significant reduction in transepithelial resistance, indicating decreased intestinal epithelial barrier function. The chymase-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction was characterized by chymase-induced protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 activation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression and activation. Consistent with this observation, in vitro analysis revealed chymase-induced PAR-2 activation and increased MAPK activity and MMP-2 expression. Pharmacological and small interfering RNA-mediated antagonism of PAR-2 and MMP-2 significantly attenuated chymase-stimulated barrier dysfunction. Additionally, the chymase/MMP-2-mediated intestinal epithelial dysfunction was associated with a significant reduction in the tight junction protein claudin-5, which was partially restored by MMP-2 inhibition. Finally, incubation of Caco-2 BBe cells with chymase-sufficient, but not chymase-deficient, bone marrow-derived mast cells decreased barrier function, which was attenuated by the chymase inhibitor chymostatin. Collectively, these results suggest that mast cell/chymase-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier function is mediated by PAR-2/MMP-2-dependent pathways.

scholarly journals A Novel Role of SLC26A3 in the Maintenance of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Shubha Priyamvada ◽  
Yong Ge ◽  
Dulari Jayawardena ◽  
Megha Singhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity

scholarly journals Myeloid cells protect intestinal epithelial barrier integrity through the angiogenin/plexin‐B2 axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongpan Bai ◽  
Desen Sun ◽  
Muxiong Chen ◽  
Xiaoliang Shi ◽  
Liang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity
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