scholarly journals Ultrasonic tracking of a sinking ball in a vibrated dense granular suspension

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. van den Wildenberg ◽  
X. Jia ◽  
J. Léopoldès ◽  
A. Tourin
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Tracking

Behavior of Adult American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) Homing to the Connecticut River from Long Island Sound

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian J. Dodson ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Current ◽  
Open Water ◽  
American Shad ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Alosa Sapidissima ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Tidal Current Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking

The migratory behavior of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) approaching their natal river during the final saltwater stage of the spawning migration was studied using ultrasonic tracking and conventional tagging procedures. Initial displacement of most sonic-tagged shad released without displacement adjacent to and 10 km west of the Connecticut River was not in the direction of the home river. These fish, however, homed successfully to the Connecticut River as did dart-tagged shad released in the same areas.Shad exhibited two major behavior patterns; countercurrent orientation in response to the reversing tidal current and adjustment of swimming speed to changes in tidal velocity. Countercurrent orientation was equally significant during daylight and darkness, whereas the adjustment of swimming speeds to tidal current velocity was more significant during daylight than darkness.Shad tracked to the west exhibited a westerly bias inherent in the basic open water behavior patterns. Shad exhibited a greater degree of directed movement when oriented against the ebb tide and adjusted their swimming speeds to exceed the ebb tide velocity and to approximately equal the flood tide velocity. Shad tracked to the east exhibited the same major behavior patterns but with the opposite directional bias.A hypothesis is presented suggesting that the location of the home river is achieved by means of a nonrandom search. Environmental clues indicative of the Connecticut River act to establish a preferred direction of displacement while the actual unidirectional displacement is achieved by reference to the rate and direction of tidal currents.

A comparison of the patterns of movement between indigenous and displaced brown trout (Salmo trutta L) in a small shallow loch

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tytler ◽  
D. Machin ◽  
F. G. T. Holliday ◽  
I. G. Priede
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Percentage Time ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking

SynopsisThe patterns of movements of indigenous and displaced trout (Salmo trutta) in a small loch were obtained by ultrasonic tracking techniques. Comparisons of these were made by developing stochastic simulations of their movements based on an analysis of the frequency distributions of step lengths, angles of turn and the percentage time spent actively swimming.The dispersal and escape of displaced fish from an unfamiliar area of the loch can be explained principally in terms of random turning. Nose plugging appears to influence the distribution of the angles of turn without significantly altering the time taken to escape and return home.Indigenous trout show a strong preference for turns of 180°, indicating a tendency to turn in their tracks. Although a simulation of the indigenous fish shows slower dispersion than displaced fish, it is insufficient to explain the containment of movement within a home range. It is probable that successive steps are not independent and there may be some association between step lengths and subsequent angles of turn. The implications of their autocorrelation are discussed.

Movements of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Skeena River Estuary as Revealed by Ultrasonic Tracking

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Groot ◽  
K. Simpson ◽  
I. Todd ◽  
P. D. Murray ◽  
G. A. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Tidal Flows ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking ◽  
Passive Movements

Movements of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) entering the Skeena River were examined in 1969 and 1970 by ultrasonic tracking methods. Fifteen of 18 sockeye released in the lower river seemed to move passively in and out with flood and ebb streams. Two fish moved upstream independent of tides and one salmon swam against ebb and flood currents. Ground speeds in both years of operation were 1.6 km/h during rising and 2.1 km/h during falling tides, causing the fish to be transported downstream by about 3 km per tidal cycle. Three salmon released outside the river mouth in salt water also seemed to ride the tidal flows passively. Ground speeds during ebb (3.6 km/h) were again greater than during flood (2.0 km/h), indicating a net offshore movement. We conclude that these passive movements are not an artifact but that sockeye salmon normally slow down or pause upon reaching the "home river" and drift for a period in tidal currents in the estuary and river mouth before migrating upstream.

Diel Movement of Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, in West Blue Lake, Manitoba, as Determined by Ultrasonic Tracking

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2070-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Kelso
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Natural Activity ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Diel Movement ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking ◽  
Sloping Bottom ◽  
Ultrasonic Transmitters

Eight walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) between 2 and 5 yr of age were equipped with ultrasonic transmitters, released, and followed for periods up to 24 h. During the study period, September 24–October 2, 1975, West Blue Lake was thermally stratified. Movement was limited to the homothermous epilimnion, above 10 m, and to the region of steeply sloping bottom of about 5–10 m which was usually within 100 m of shore. Midbasin crossings of the lake were infrequent. Transmitter attachment caused temporary high activity after which a more normal rhythm was apparent with peaks of activity at dusk and dawn. The majority, 86%, of observed swimming speeds were under 1 body length s−1. Since much localized activity, too restricted to measure, was apparent, these observations must be regarded as only approximations of natural activity.

scholarly journals Evidence for hydrodynamic orientation by spiny lobsters in a patch reef environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (10) ◽  
pp. 2049-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Nevitt ◽  
N Pentcheff ◽  
K Lohmann ◽  
R Zimmer-Faust
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Reef Environment ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
Complex Orientation ◽  
Spiny Lobsters ◽  
Coral Reef Environment ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking

Western Atlantic spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) are superb underwater navigators. Spiny lobsters perform dramatic seasonal offshore migrations and have also been shown to locate and home to specific den sites within the elaborate coral reef environment in which they live. How these animals perform such complex orientation tasks is not known. The study reported here was designed to explore the sensory mechanisms that spiny lobsters use to orient in and around a familiar patch reef environment. Our results show that, in the absence of visual cues, lobsters displaced a short (50 m) distance off the reef do not initially (i.e. within 20 min) travel towards their dens or return to the patch reef where their dens are located. Instead, the headings lobsters follow are significantly correlated to the direction of local hydrodynamic cues and, specifically, to the direction of approaching wave surge. Results from ultrasonic tracking experiments over longer periods (24 h) suggest that displaced lobsters are able to relocate the reef where they were captured, even without visual cues. These results suggest that hydrodynamic cues may provide useful and immediate directional information to lobsters within the local environment of the home reef.

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