Non-Invasive Assessment of the Seasonal Stress Response to Veterinary Procedures and Transportation of Zoo-Housed Lesser Anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Management procedures affect behavioural and physiological stress responses of wild mammals under human care. According to the Reactive Scope Model, normal values are presumed to exist within predictive and reactive ranges. First, stress parameters of zoo-housed adult Tamandua tetradactyla were evaluated in winter and summer (29 days each), determining the level of behaviour and/or physiological parameters needed to respond to predictable environmental changes. Secondly, the effects of veterinary procedures and transportation were studied in both seasons. Non-invasive methods were applied, assessing behaviour through videos and adrenocortical activity by faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs). Lesser anteaters exhibited seasonality (summer > winter) in some behavioural parameters, such as nocturnal activities, as well as in the activity cycle (e.g., acrophase) and FGMs. A veterinary check elicited an increase in total activity (TA), natural behaviours and repetitive locomotion and affected the activity cycle, particularly in summer. Transport produced changes in TA, nocturnal and natural activity and some variables of the activity cycle, mostly during summer. Although the effects of routine management procedures were different from each other and presumably stressful, they elicited changes only at the behavioural level, which was greater during summer. The differences observed according to non-invasive methodologies highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in this context and suggest that it is unlikely that individual welfare was affected.

Effectiveness of protected aminopenicillins in treatment of non-social pneumonia in children

Пневмония – острое инфекционно-воспалительное заболевание легких преимущественно бактериальной этиологии, характеризующееся выраженной в разной степени дыхательной недостаточностью, токсическими и респираторными нарушениями, локальными физикальными симптомами, а также инфильтративными изменениями на рентгенограмме. Заболеваемость внебольничными пневмониями повышается в октябре-декабре, достигая максимума в январе-апреле, коррелируя с сезонным повышением уровня острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Схожесть симптомов дебюта пневмонии с проявлениями острых респираторных вирусных инфекций может привести к несвоевременной ее диагностике и, как следствие, к отсроченному началу лечения. Поэтому в период сезонной заболеваемости респираторными инфекциями должна повышаться настороженность врачей-педиатров в отношении внебольничной пневмонии. Антибактериальная терапия оказывает решающее влияние на прогноз пневмонии, поэтому при достоверном диагнозе или у больного в тяжелом состоянии с вероятным диагнозом ее следует начать незамедлительно. Выбор антибиотика в каждом случае внебольничной пневмонии проводят индивидуально с учетом природной активности препаратов в отношении предполагаемого возбудителя и их возможной приобретенной резистентности, тяжести и течения заболевания, наличия у пациента противопоказаний к использованию тех или иных антибиотиков. В статье приводятся сведения о диагностических критериях внебольничных пневмоний. Рассмотрены вопросы антибактериального лечения типичной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разных возрастных групп амоксициллином с клавулановой кислотой и показана его эффективность. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют заключить, что пероральное использование одного курса защищенного аминопенициллина эффективно при лечении типичной внебольничной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разного возраста, о чем свидетельствует ликвидация основных клинических проявлений болезни в короткие сроки. Pneumonia is an acute infectious and inflammatory lung disease of predominantly bacterial etiology, characterized by respiratory failure, toxic and respiratory disorders, local physical symptoms, and infiltrative changes on the roentgenogram. The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia increases in October-December, reaching a maximum in January-April, correlating with the seasonal increase in the level of acute respiratory viral infections. The similarity of the symptoms of the onset of pneumonia with the manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections can lead to its untimely diagnosis and, as a consequence, to a delayed start of treatment. Therefore, during the period of seasonal morbidity with respiratory infections, the alertness of pediatricians in relation to community-acquired pneumonia should increase. Antibiotic therapy has a decisive influence on the prognosis of pneumonia, therefore, with a reliable diagnosis or in a patient in serious condition with a probable diagnosis, it should be started immediately. The choice of antibiotic in each case of community-acquired pneumonia is carried out individually, taking into account the natural activity of the drugs in relation to the alleged pathogen and their possible acquired resistance, the severity and course of the disease, the patient's contraindications to the use of certain antibiotics. The article provides information on the diagnostic criteria for community-acquired pneumonia. The issues of antibacterial treatment of typical non-severe pneumonia in children of different age groups with amoxicillin with clavulanic acid are considered and its effectiveness is shown. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the oral use of one course of protected aminopenicillin is effective in the treatment of typical community-acquired non-severe pneumonia in children of different ages, as evidenced by the elimination of the main clinical manifestations of the disease in a short time.

(Hyper)active Data Curation: A Video Case Study from Behavioral Science

Video data are uniquely suited for research reuse and for documenting research methods and findings. However, curation of video data is a serious hurdle for researchers in the social and behavioral sciences, where behavioral video data are obtained session by session and data sharing is not the norm. To eliminate the onerous burden of post hoc curation at the time of publication (or later), we describe best practices in active data curation—where data are curated and uploaded immediately after each data collection to allow instantaneous sharing with one button press at any time. Indeed, we recommend that researchers adopt “hyperactive” data curation where they openly share every step of their research process. The necessary infrastructure and tools are provided by Databrary—a secure, web-based data library designed for active curation and sharing of personally identifiable video data and associated metadata. We provide a case study of hyperactive curation of video data from the Play and Learning Across a Year (PLAY) project, where dozens of researchers developed a common protocol to collect, annotate, and actively curate video data of infants and mothers during natural activity in their homes at research sites across North America. PLAY relies on scalable standardized workflows to facilitate collaborative research, assure data quality, and prepare the corpus for sharing and reuse throughout the entire research process.

A literature review on precautionary measures in dental practice during the pandemic: Covid-19

During the spread of pandemic disease, dental practice come across the highest risk of corona virus infection by the exposure from patient saliva, aerosols generation during the dental procedure, blood contamination during oral surgical procedure. This virus can be transmitted from symptomatic to asymptomatic individual through aerosol spread, saliva contamination. Due to its ability of airborne transmission, so aerosols generated through natural activity or during the time of any dental treatment procedure has the ability to transmit the virus from infected person to the surrounding person.

Environmental and radiation assessment of construction materials in Tyumen

The current pace of construction leads to the use of large volumes of construction raw materials, which must meet the regulatory indicators, including radiation. High levels of natural radionuclide activity, both in construction and finishing materials, affect changes in the gamma radiation indicators in the premises, which can negatively affect the health of people living in such facilities. Ecological and radiation assessment of building materials for the content of natural radionuclides showed an increased natural activity of potassium-40. The maximum activity values were observed in samples of bricks and expanded clay, where they were 799,0 and 622,0 Bq/kg, respectively. The lowest specific activity of natural potassium was observed in the crushed stone sample (21,3 Bq/kg). The specific activity of thorium-232 in building materials ranged from 2,1 to 53,3 Bq/kg. The activity of radium-226 in all the studied samples ranged from 4,4 Bq/kg (crushed stone) to 55,6 Bq/kg (cement). The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the studied building materials does not exceed the standard values (370 Bq/kg), therefore, they can be used in all types of construction and reconstruction.

Sport Values in Traditional Games as Playing Activities for Children

The purpose of this study was to determine the sport values in traditional games as playing activities for children. The natural activity of children is playing. The games that children play include team games and individual games. This research is a qualitative research employing a phenomenological approach method. The technique of selecting informants in this study used the Snowball Sampling technique. The subjects of this research were children, parents, and community leaders in Banjarnegara Regency understanding and knowing information about traditional games. Data collection techniques of this study consisted of observation, interview, and document analysis techniques. The data validity test used triangulation technique. Data analysis involved 4 stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research results identified the sport valuescontained in traditional games, including cooperation, sportsmanship, honesty, struggling power, how to achieve victory, accept a defeat, self-esteem, trust, and self-confidence. Besides having positive impacts for health, traditional games can also train children to socialize with the surrounding community, know how to tolerate, help each other, and work together. Traditional games that can be found in Banjarnegara included mandahan, ular naga, marbles, engklekan, congklak, jumping rope, cublak-cublak suweng, stilts, jamuran, bentengan, and gobak sodor.

Activity-determined Steps on the Attenuation of Atmospheric PM2.5 Concentration Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) at the Country Level: Empirical Evidence in Taiwan

Finding ways to minimize the atmospheric concentration of PM2.5 is an emergency issue throughout the world. This research has found a method to calculate historical PM2.5 data and to define the PM2.5 environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) pattern in Taiwan. From the analysis of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency’s public emission data, results showed that the continuous decay of PM2.5 is mostly contributed by the energy policy, while several short-term regular stepwise fluctuations in PM2.5 concentrations are caused by natural activity. Our study also proved that the linear decay with stepwise fluctuations also exhibits an EKC pattern. The results herein mean that the continuous decay of PM2.5 is caused by the energy policy, while the regular fluctuation of PM2.5 concentrations is caused by natural activity, like the La Nino phenomena. Based on the viewpoint of this paper, the oil consumption percentage for electricity generation should be first reduced to zero. However, oil-based power plants are an important emergency source of electricity supply. If Taiwan wants to continue the reduction of PM2.5 in the future, then a big capacity electric storage facility should be built as an emergency source of electricity supply. The energy policy in Taiwan at 2025 will be 50% natural gas, 30% coal, and 20% green energy. As oil fuel will reach 0%, PM2.5 will be affected by the energy intensity contributed from coal and natural gas, meaning that PM2.5 will maintain a long-term attenuation trend until 2035.

Social Behavior of Early Childhood Through Playing Beams Activity

The focus of this research is to explore and describe the ability of children's social behavior through playing beams. This research used qualitative descriptive method, which was used to examine the children's natural activity when playing beams. This research was conducted at the Child Care Center of Child Vocational Education (TPA PENA PRIMA) with the subject as many as 4 early childhood children aged 3-4 years. The data collection method used was observation, documentation and interviews. Data analysis techniques included collecting data, selecting data, presenting data and concluding. The findings of the research showed that there were differences in social behavior in each child in playing beams activities such as imitation, competition, cooperation, sympathy, empathy, social support, sharing, and familiar behavior. This research shows that playing activities and peer roles are essential for optimizing the children's social behavior. Schools are expected to provide supporting facilities for beam playing activities.