Diversifying academic communication in anti-racist scholarship: The value of a translingual orientation

This article develops a complex orientation to linguistic domination and resistance to demonstrate how academic communication can be diversified to facilitate anti-racist scholarship. While it draws from social sciences which provide complex theories of social structuration, it demonstrates how linguists can offer fine-grained analytical tools to track these processes across diverse scales of space, time, and institutions. The objective of this article is to introduce an orientation to language which goes beyond traditional reductive and overdetermined perspectives to accommodate its generative and resistant potential. It introduces translingual practice as accommodating the theoretical developments discussed, and demonstrates how methods of indexical analyses can help scholars study texts and communication across various spatiotemporal scales in achieving structuration. This approach is applied to the writing practice of African American scholar, Geneva Smitherman, to demonstrate how her anti-racist scholarship renegotiates established structures of academic communication and generates change. While this article will help applied linguists to develop an appreciation of writers and writing in constructing diversified academic communication, it can provide linguistic tools to social scientists for tracing the workings of structuration and change at diverse spatiotemporal and social scales of consideration.

Influence of Fillers on the Viscosity Properties of One-Pack Polyurethane Sealants

The paper investigates the effect of fillers on the viscosity properties of one-pack polyurethane sealants. It is noted that with the introduction of such mineral fillers as Mikarb, Midol, MTD2 chalk and aluminum hydroxide, the dynamic viscosity of the composition increases uniformly, while when filled with chemically precipitated Calofort SV chalk and MT-GShM talc, an abnormally sharp increase in viscosity is observed. Such an increase in viscosity for Calofort SV is explained by a highly developed surface, in contrast to other fillers. Talc is characterized by a plate-like shape of particles, which leads to a complex orientation of talc particles in the composition and shear difficulties.It was found that a sealant filled with chemically precipitated chalk has more than 100 pts. wt.(parts by weight), per 100 pts. wt. of the prepolymer under the influence of shear forces (at a constant shear rate) during the first 10 minutes of exposure, a sharp decrease in viscosity is observed, which is characteristic of thixotropic compositions, reaching a constant value after 5-10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the thixotropy of the sealant is restored. Talc does not impart thixotropic properties to the sealant composition.

One of the methods of root selection in solving trigonometric equations

При подготовке учащихся 10-11 классов к профильному ЕГЭ по математике возникают трудности при отборе корней тригонометрического уравнения, которые принадлежат заданному промежутку. Существует несколько методов отбора корней, но идеального не существует – у каждого из этих методов есть свои слабые стороны. Мы хотим предложить метод, который, на наш взгляд, позволяет учащимся более успешно производить отбор корней в тригонометрических уравнениях. В школьном курсе математики для отбора корней чаще всего используются тригонометрический круг или отбор корней с помощью двойного неравенства, определяющего заданный промежуток. Ситуация в реальных заданиях усложняется тем, что заданный диапазон для значений корней выходит за рамки одного круга. Это обстоятельство усложняет отбор корней на самой окружности, т.к. требует от учащихся более сложной ориентации на ней. Если значение корня не может быть явно записано в радианной мере, то отбор корней с помощью двойного неравенства становится проблематичным. Экзаменационная работа по математике базового уровня состоит из одной части, включающей 20 заданий с кратким ответом. Все задания направлены на проверку освоения базовых умений и практических навыков применения математических знаний в повседневных ситуациях. Ответом к каждому из заданий 1-20 является целое число, конечная десятичная дробь, или последовательность цифр. When preparing students in grades 10-11 for the profile USE in mathematics, there are difficulties in selecting the roots of the trigonometric equation that belong to a given interval. There are several methods of root selection, but there is no perfect one – each of these methods has its own weaknesses. We want to propose a method that, in our opinion, allows students to more successfully select the roots in trigonometric equations. In a school mathematics course, the most common way to select roots is to use a trigonometric circle or to select roots using a double inequality that defines a given interval. The situation in real tasks is complicated by the fact that the specified range for the values of the roots goes beyond one circle. This fact complicates the selection of roots on the circle itself, since it requires students to have a more complex orientation on it. If the root value cannot be explicitly written in the radian measure, then selecting the roots using the double inequality becomes problematic. The basic level math exam paper consists of one part, including 20 tasks with a short answer. All tasks are aimed at testing the development of basic skills and practical skills of applying mathematical knowledge in everyday situations. The answer to each of the tasks 1-20 is an integer, a finite decimal, or a sequence of digits.

Assessment of Analytical Orientation Prediction Models for Suspensions Containing Fibers and Spheres

Analytical orientation models like the Folgar Tucker (FT) model are widely applied to predict the orientation of suspended non-spherical particles. The accuracy of these models depends on empirical model parameters. In this work, we assess how well analytical orientation models can predict the orientation of suspensions not only consisting of fibers but also of an additional second particle type in the shape of disks, which are varied in size and filling fraction. We mainly focus on the FT model, and we also compare its accuracy to more complex models like Reduced-Strain Closure model (RSC), Moldflow Rotational Diffusion model (MRD), and Anisotropic Rotary Diffusion model (ARD). In our work, we address the following questions. First, can the FT model predict the orientation of suspensions despite the additional particle phase affecting the rotation of the fibers? Second, is it possible to formulate an expression for the sole Folgar Tucker model parameter that is based on the suspension composition? Third, is there an advantage to choose more complex orientation prediction models that require the adjustment of additional model parameters?

Making Historical Gyroscopes Alive—2D and 3D Preservations by Sensor Fusion and Open Data Access

The preservation of cultural heritage assets of all kind is an important task for modern civilizations. This also includes tools and instruments that have been used in the previous decades and centuries. Along with the industrial revolution 200 years ago, mechanical and electrical technologies emerged, together with optical instruments. In the meantime, it is not only museums who showcase these developments, but also companies, universities, and private institutions. Gyroscopes are fascinating instruments with a history dating back 200 years. When J.G.F. Bohnenberger presented his machine to his students in 1810 at the University of Tuebingen, Germany, nobody could have foreseen that this fascinating development would be used for complex orientation and positioning. At the University of Stuttgart, Germany, a collection of 160 exhibits is available and in transition towards their sustainable future. Here, the systems are digitized in 2D, 2.5D, and 3D and are made available for a worldwide community using open access platforms. The technologies being used are computed tomography, computer vision, endoscopy, and photogrammetry. We present a novel workflow for combining voxel representations and colored point clouds, to create digital twins of the physical objects with 0.1 mm precision. This has not yet been investigated and is therefore pioneering work. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed and suggested work for the near future is outlined in this new and challenging field of tech heritage digitization.

Effect of Laser Beam Profile on Rotating Lattice Single Crystal Growth in Sb2S3 Model Glass

Laser heating of chalcogenide glasses has successfully produced rotating lattice single crystals through a solid-solid transformation. To better understand the nature of complex, orientation-dependent lattice rotation, we designed heat profiles of the continuous wave laser by beam shaping, fabricated larger Sb2S3 crystal dots in Sb2S3 glass, and investigated the lattice rotation where the crystal could grow in all radial directions under a circular thermal gradient. The results show that the rate of lattice rotation is highly anisotropic and depends on crystallographic direction. The nature of this rotation is the same in crystals of different orientation relative to the surface. The growth directions that align with the slip planes show the highest rate of rotation and the rotation rate gradually decreases away from this direction. Additionally, the presence of multiple growth directions results in a complicated rotation system. We suggest that the growth front influences the density of dislocations introduced during growth under confinement and thus affects the lattice rotation rate in these crystals.

Making Historical Gyroscopes Alive – 2D and 3D Preservations by Sensor Fusion and Open Data Access

Gyroscopes are fascinating instruments with a history of about 200 years. When J.G.F. Bohnenberger presented his machine to his students in 1810 at the University of Tuebingen, Germany, nobody could have foreseen that this fascinating development would be used for complex orientation and positioning. At the University of Stuttgart, Germany, a collection of 160 exhibits is available and in transition for a sustainable future. Here, the systems are digitized in 2D, 2.5D and 3D and are made available for a world-wide community using OpenAccess platforms. The technologies being used are Computed Tomography, Computer Vision, Endoscopy and Photogrammetry. The workflows for combining voxel representations and colored point clouds are described, to create Digital Twins of the tangible assets. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed und work for near future is outlined in this new and challenging field of Tech Heritage digitization.

Curvature domains in V4 of macaque monkey

An important aspect of visual object recognition is the ability to perceive object shape. Two basic components of complex shapes are straight and curved contours. A large body of evidence suggests a modular hierarchy for shape representation progressing from simple and complex orientation in early areas V1 and V2, to increasingly complex stages of curvature representation in V4, TEO, and TE. Here, we reinforce and extend the concept of modular representation. Using intrinsic signal optical imaging in Macaque area V4, we find sub-millimeter sized modules for curvature representation that are organized from low to high curvatures as well as domains with complex curvature preference. We propose a possible ‘curvature hypercolumn’ within V4. In combination with previous studies, we suggest that the key emergent functions at each stage of cortical processing are represented in systematic, modular maps.

Optimizing Topology and Fiber Orientations With Minimum Length Scale Control in Laminated Composites

Discrete material optimization (DMO) has proven to be an effective framework for optimizing the orientation of orthotropic laminate composite panels across a structural design domain. The typical design problem is one of maximizing stiffness by assigning a fiber orientation to each subdomain, where the orientation must be selected from a set of discrete magnitudes (e.g., 0 deg, ±45 deg, 90 deg). The DMO approach converts this discrete problem into a continuous formulation where a design variable is introduced for each candidate orientation. Local constraints and penalization are then used to ensure that each subdomain is assigned a single orientation in the final solution. The subdomain over which orientation is constant is most simply defined as a finite element, ultimately leading to complex orientation layouts that may be difficult to manufacture. Recent literature has introduced threshold projections commonly used in density-based topology optimization into the DMO approach in order to influence the manufacturability of solutions. This work takes this idea one step further and utilizes the Heaviside projection method within DMO to provide formal control over the minimum length scale of structural features, holes, and patches of uniform orientation. The proposed approach is demonstrated on benchmark maximum stiffness design problems, and numerical results are near discrete with strict length scale control, providing a direct avenue to controlling the complexity of orientation layouts. This ultimately suggests that projection-based methods can play an important role in controlling the manufacturability of optimized material orientations.

Adaptive strategies of high-flying migratory hoverflies in response to wind currents

Large migrating insects, flying at high altitude, often exhibit complex behaviour. They frequently elect to fly on winds with directions quite different from the prevailing direction, and they show a degree of common orientation, both of which facilitate transport in seasonally beneficial directions. Much less is known about the migration behaviour of smaller (10–70 mg) insects. To address this issue, we used radar to examine the high-altitude flight of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), a group of day-active, medium-sized insects commonly migrating over the UK. We found that autumn migrants, which must move south, did indeed show migration timings and orientation responses that would take them in this direction, despite the unfavourability of the prevailing winds. Evidently, these hoverfly migrants must have a compass (probably a time-compensated solar mechanism), and a means of sensing the wind direction (which may be determined with sufficient accuracy at ground level, before take-off). By contrast, hoverflies arriving in the UK in spring showed weaker orientation tendencies, and did not correct for wind drift away from their seasonally adaptive direction (northwards). However, the spring migrants necessarily come from the south (on warm southerly winds), so we surmise that complex orientation behaviour may not be so crucial for the spring movements.