scholarly journals Potential of recombinant Mycobacterium paragordonae expressing HIV-1 Gag as a prime vaccine for HIV-1 infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung-Jun Kim ◽  
Bo-Ram Kim ◽  
Yoon-Hoh Kook ◽  
Bum-Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Recombinant Mycobacterium strains such as recombinant BCG (rBCG) have received considerable attention for the HIV-1 vaccine development. Recently, we described a temperature-sensitive Mycobacterium paragordonae (Mpg) strain as a novel live tuberculosis vaccine that is safer and showed an enhanced protective effect against mycobacterial infection compared to BCG. We studied the possibility of developing a vaccine against HIV-1 infection using rMpg strain expressing the p24 antigen (rMpg-p24). We observed that rMpg-p24 can induce an increased p24 expression in infected antigen presenting cells (APCs) compared to rBCG-p24. We also observed that rMpg-p24 can induce enhanced p24 specific immune responses in vaccinated mice as evidenced by increased p24-specific T lymphocyte proliferation, gamma interferon induction, antibody production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Furthermore, an rMpg-p24 prime and plasmid DNA boost showed an increased CTL response and antibody production compared to rBCG or rMpg alone. In summary, our study indicates that a live rMpg-p24 strain induced enhanced immune responses against HIV-1 Gag in vaccinated mice. Thus, rMpg-p24 may have potential as a preventive prime vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost regimen for HIV-1 infection.

scholarly journals Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Effector and Memory Responses Decline after Suppression of Viremia with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 6721-6728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros A. Kalams ◽  
Philip J. Goulder ◽  
Amy K. Shea ◽  
Norman G. Jones ◽  
Alicja K. Trocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Therapeutic suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication may help elucidate interactions between the host cellular immune responses and HIV-1 infection. We performed a detailed longitudinal evaluation of two subjects before and after the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Both subjects had evidence of in vivo-activated and memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) activity against multiple HIV-1 gene products. After the start of therapy, both subjects had declines in the levels of in vivo-activated HIV-1-specific CTLs and had immediate increases in circulating HIV-1-specific CTL memory cells. With continued therapy, and continued suppression of viral load, levels of memory CTLps declined. HLA A*0201 peptide tetramer staining demonstrated that declining levels of in vivo-activated CTL activity were associated with a decrease in the expression of the CD38+ activation marker. Transient increases in viral load during continued therapy were associated with increases in the levels of virus-specific CTLps in both individuals. The results were confirmed by measuring CTL responses to discrete optimal epitopes. These studies illustrate the dynamic equilibrium between the host immune response and levels of viral antigen burden and suggest that efforts to augment HIV-1-specific immune responses in subjects on HAART may decrease the incidence of virologic relapse.

scholarly journals P07-02. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses in HIV-1 clade C infected mother-child pairs

Retrovirology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Moodley ◽  
C Thobakgale ◽  
P Ramkalawon ◽  
M Vanderstok ◽  
Z Mncube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Recent Advancements in Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Generation Methods Using Carbohydrate-Coated Liposomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Ikehara ◽  
Masahiro Yamanaka ◽  
Takashi Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Both tumor-specificCD4+andCD8+T cells have been identified, and the latter is known as a major effector of adaptive antitumor immune responses. Optimal antitumor immune responses are considered to require the concomitant activation of bothCD8+andCD4+T cells and the additional selective activation ofCD4+T cells with helper, but not regulatory function. As optimal antitumor immune responses are generated by the concomitant activation of both T cell types, it is necessary for vaccine methods involving cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) generation to possess a mechanism whereby antigen presenting cells can present administrated exogenous antigens on not only Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, but also MHC class I molecules.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Frequency of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses: Identification of Immunodominant Regions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (20) ◽  
pp. 10155-10168 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Novitsky ◽  
H. Cao ◽  
N. Rybak ◽  
P. Gilbert ◽  
M. F. McLane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Ctl Responses

ABSTRACT A systematic analysis of immune responses on a population level is critical for a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine design. Our studies in Botswana on (i) molecular analysis of the HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) epidemic, (ii) frequencies of major histocompatibility complex class I HLA types, and (iii) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in the course of natural infection allowed us to address HIV-1C-specific immune responses on a population level. We analyzed the magnitude and frequency of the gamma interferon ELISPOT-based CTL responses and translated them into normalized cumulative CTL responses. The introduction of population-based cumulative CTL responses reflected both (i) essentials of the predominant virus circulating locally in Botswana and (ii) specificities of the genetic background of the Botswana population, and it allowed the identification of immunodominant regions across the entire HIV-1C. The most robust and vigorous immune responses were found within the HIV-1C proteins Gag p24, Vpr, Tat, and Nef. In addition, moderately strong responses were scattered across Gag p24, Pol reverse transcriptase and integrase, Vif, Tat, Env gp120 and gp41, and Nef. Assuming that at least some of the immune responses are protective, these identified immunodominant regions could be utilized in designing an HIV vaccine candidate for the population of southern Africa. Targeting multiple immunodominant regions should improve the overall vaccine immunogenicity in the local population and minimize viral escape from immune recognition. Furthermore, the analysis of HIV-1C-specific immune responses on a population level represents a comprehensive systematic approach in HIV vaccine design and should be considered for other HIV-1 subtypes and/or different geographic areas.

scholarly journals Control of HIV-1 Pathogenesis in Viremic Nonprogressors Is Independent of Gag-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Salgado ◽  
Albert Garcia-Minambres ◽  
Judith Dalmau ◽  
Esther Jiménez-Moyano ◽  
Pompeyo Viciana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Viral Pathogenesis ◽  
Elite Controllers ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Ctl Responses

ABSTRACT Viremic nonprogressors (VNPs) constitute a very scarce group of untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals who maintain stable CD4 + T cell counts despite high levels of HIV-1 replication. The specific factors associated with this atypical control of the HIV infection have been poorly described. Since specific T cell responses seem to be one of the main causes of HIV-1 control in elite controllers, we studied whether HIV-1 Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses could also modulate disease control in VNPs. We characterized the immune responses from four VNPs compared to those of five standard progressors (SPs) during the first years of HIV-1 infection. We observed no differences in the breadth and frequency of Gag-specific cellular responses. Furthermore, we obtained 217 HIV-1 Gag clonal sequences in which the viral variability of Gag increased over 3 years of infection for synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in both VNPs and SPs. VNPs evolution rates in gag were comparable to SPs. This observation is in line with a similar accumulation of CTL putative escape mutations in Gag epitopes targeted by CTL responses. Altogether, the absence of viral pathogenesis in VNP individuals seems to be independent of HIV-Gag-specific CTL responses. This novel information guides to the study of alternative mechanism of HIV-1 pathogenesis control. IMPORTANCE Control of HIV infection has been widely studied in elite controllers or long-term nonprogressor models. However, there is a less-known group of individuals, termed viremic nonprogressors (VNPs), who maintain stable CD4 + T cell counts despite high plasma viremia. The mechanisms involved in this remarkable control of HIV-1 pathogenesis clearly have implications for the development of new drugs and vaccines. We show here for the first time that VNPs have immune responses and HIV-gag evolution similar to those of standard progressors. Remarkably, we demonstrate that the mechanism of pathogenesis control in these individuals differs from some elite controllers that are reported to have improved immune control. This is noteworthy since it opens the door to new, as-yet-unknown mechanisms for HIV control. Our novel results advance the understanding of mechanisms involved in viremic nonprogression and suggest that there are alternative mechanisms to the adaptive immune responses for an effective control of viral pathogenesis.

Traditional Acupuncture Increases the Content of Beta-Endorphin in Immune Cells and Influences Mitogen Induced Proliferation

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Bianchi ◽  
Edda Jotti ◽  
Paola Sacerdote ◽  
Alberto E. Panerai
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

We measured beta-endorphin concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mitogen-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation in patient who underwent treatment with traditional acupuncture. Traditional acupuncture increased both the concentrations of the opioid in the immune cells and lymphocyte proliferation. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that traditional acupuncture modulates immune responses in man.

HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Responses Against Immunodominant Optimal Epitopes Slow the Progression of AIDS in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhai ◽  
Yan Zhuang ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Dedong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Ctl Responses
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