scholarly journals Graphene Supported Rhodium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameerunisha Begum ◽  
Moumita Bose ◽  
Golam Moula
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Rhodium Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Exchange Membrane

AbstractCurrent research on catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is based on obtaining higher catalytic activity than platinum particle catalysts on porous carbon. In search of a more sustainable catalyst other than platinum for the catalytic conversion of water to hydrogen gas, a series of nanoparticles of transition metals viz., Rh, Co, Fe, Pt and their composites with functionalized graphene such as RhNPs@f-graphene, CoNPs@f-graphene, PtNPs@f-graphene were synthesized and characterized by SEM and TEM techniques. The SEM analysis indicates that the texture of RhNPs@f-graphene resemble the dispersion of water droplets on lotus leaf. TEM analysis indicates that RhNPs of <10 nm diameter are dispersed on the surface of f-graphene. The air-stable NPs and nanocomposites were used as electrocatalyts for conversion of acidic water to hydrogen gas. The composite RhNPs@f-graphene catalyses hydrogen gas evolution from water containing p-toluene sulphonic acid (p-TsOH) at an onset reduction potential, Ep, −0.117 V which is less than that of PtNPs@f-graphene (Ep, −0.380 V) under identical experimental conditions whereas the onset potential of CoNPs@f-graphene was at Ep, −0.97 V and the FeNPs@f-graphene displayed onset potential at Ep, −1.58 V. The pure rhodium nanoparticles, RhNPs also electrocatalyse at Ep, −0.186 V compared with that of PtNPs at Ep, −0.36 V and that of CoNPs at Ep, −0.98 V. The electrocatalytic experiments also indicate that the RhNPs and RhNPs@f-graphene are stable, durable and they can be recycled in several catalytic experiments after washing with water and drying. The results indicate that RhNPs and RhNPs@f-graphene are better nanoelectrocatalysts than PtNPs and the reduction potentials were much higher in other transition metal nanoparticles. The mechanism could involve a hydridic species, Rh-H− followed by interaction with protons to form hydrogen gas.

C121 Measurement of Hydrogen-gas permeation property in Proton Exchange Membrane by NMR technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012.17 (0) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Ryosuke NAGAHISA ◽  
Daiki KURIYA ◽  
Kuniyasu OGAWA ◽  
Yasuyuki TAKATA ◽  
Kohei ITO
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Kilowatt-Scale Fuel Cell Systems Powered by Recycled Aluminum

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Godart ◽  
Jason Fischman ◽  
Douglas Hart
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power System ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Scrap Aluminum ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Abstract Presented here is a novel system that uses an aluminum-based fuel to continuously produce electrical power at the kilowatt scale via a hydrogen fuel cell. This fuel has an energy density of 23.3 kW h/L and can be produced from abundant scrap aluminum via a minimal surface treatment of gallium and indium. These additional metals, which in total comprise 2.5% of the fuel’s mass, permeate the grain boundary network of the aluminum to disrupt its oxide layer, thereby enabling the fuel to react exothermically with water to produce hydrogen gas and aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH), an inert and valuable byproduct. To generate electrical power using this fuel, the aluminum–water reaction is controlled via water input to a reaction vessel in order to produce a constant flow of hydrogen, which is then consumed in a fuel cell to produce electricity. As validation of this power system architecture, we present the design and implementation of two proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems that successfully demonstrate this approach. The first is a 3 kW emergency power supply, and the second is a 10 kW power system integrated into a BMW i3 electric vehicle.

The Control of Hydrogen Flow in Keeping with Load Changing at the PEMFC

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Young Guan Jung ◽  
Chul Min Hwang ◽  
Dea Heum Park ◽  
Kyoung Hoon Kim ◽  
Chul Ho Han
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Low Power System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under the fuel control system was investigated experimentally using dry hydrogen and oxygen gas. In this study, experiments have been carried out on the unit cell with the active area of 25cm2. Both sides of outflow lines were closed by valves. This investigation focuses on the low-power system which has a fuel flow control unit. The change of internal pressure in fuel cell and the checked system load were used as the control conditions for the solenoid valve. As the system loads were changed unexpectedly, the on/off control of fuel line was proposed as the way to supply hydrogen gas efficiently into the fuel cell. As a result, it was shown that the proposed procedures can display the load variation and increase the power request. Furthermore, this study could be beneficial for the fuel saving and the safety of fuel cell system.

scholarly journals PtRu/C catalyst slurry preparation for large-scale decal transfer with high performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (63) ◽  
pp. 36313-36322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihwa Choi ◽  
Jong Kwan Kim ◽  
Jungsuk Kim ◽  
Seugran Yang ◽  
Ji-Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Membrane Electrode Assembly ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A large-area membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) has been fabricated using the decal transfer method with a methanol-based PtRu/C catalyst slurry and its excellent performance was realized by using reformed hydrogen gas.

scholarly journals Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell as the Grid Connected Power Generator

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6679
Author(s):  
Koushik Ahmed ◽  
Omar Farrok ◽  
Md Mominur Rahman ◽  
Md Sawkat Ali ◽  
Md Mejbaul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Electrical Generator ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In this paper, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is implemented as a grid-connected electrical generator that uses hydrogen gas as fuel and air as an oxidant to produce electricity through electrochemical reactions. Analysis demonstrated that the performance of the PEMFC greatly depends on the rate of fuel supply and air supply pressure. Critical fuel and air supply pressures of the PEMFC are analysed to test its feasibility for the grid connection. Air and fuel supply pressures are varied to observe the effects on the PEMFC characteristics, efficiency, fuel supply, and air consumption over time. The PEMFC model is then implemented into an electrical power system with the aid of power electronics applications. Detailed mathematical modelling of the PEMFC is discussed with justification. The PEMFC functions as an electrical generator that is connected to the local grid through a power converter and a transformer. Modulation of the converter is controlled by means of a proportional-integral controller. The two-axis control methodology is applied to the current control of the system. The output voltage waveform and control actions of the controller on the current and frequency of the proposed system are plotted as well. Simulation results show that the PEMFC performs efficiently under certain air and fuel pressures, and it can effectively supply electrical power to the grid.

scholarly journals Performance Investigation of Direct oupling Advanced Alkaline Electrolysis and PEMFC System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Ahmed ◽  
Abdullatif Musa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Direct Coupling ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is regarded as the most competitive candidate to replace the traditional forms of power conversion due to its prominent advantages. The hydrogen gas is used as a main fuel in the fuel cells. The hydrogen gas can be produced through the use of solar energy which is connected to alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC) by water splitting process known as electrolysis. In this paper,a thermodynamic model is presented to design and optimize a direct coupling system (DCS) that has two cells, an alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC) and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Moreover, the performances of the direct coupling system (DCS) are evaluated using numerical model that are built in Engineering Equations solver software. So several parameters concerning the direct coupling system (DCS) such as the voltage of system, the hydrogen rate production from electrolysis which injects to fuel cell and producing power of the full system. The simulations result show that, the voltage of alkaline electrolysis is higher than the fuel cell. The water management process in the whole system is considered satisfactory due to the low value of the losses in the amount of water. The water which is generated from the fuel cell is injected to electrolysis cell, so the electrolysis cell does not need to inject large quantities of water. The efficiency of the system is about 34.85% and this efficiency is satisfactory compared to other systems of power generation as this percentage is due to clean, renewable and environmentally friendly fuel.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of Hydrogen Production Integrated with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Lida Simasatitkul ◽  
Suksun Amornraksa ◽  
Natcha Wangprasert ◽  
Thanaporn Wongjirasavat
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Price ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an interesting option for electricity generation. However, the usage of pure hydrogen feeding to PEMFC faces many problems such as high price and gas storage capacity. On-board fuel processor integrated with PEMFC is therefore a more preferable option. Two hydrogen production processes from crude ethanol feed, a by-product of fermentation of corn stover, integrated with PEMFC were developed and proposed. They are steam reforming (SR) process integrated with PEMFC and steam reforming process coupled with a CO preferential oxidation (COPROX) reactor with PEMFC. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions for both processes were similar i.e. S/F ratio of 9, WGS reactor temperature of 250oC and membrane area of 0.6 m2. However, the optimal SR temperature of both processes were different i.e. 500oC and 460oC. Both processes produced pure hydrogen gas at 0.53 mol/s. The energy requirement of the SR process alone was higher than SR process coupled with a COPROX about 0.19 MW. The produced hydrogen gas entered PEMFC at current density of 1.1 A cm-2, generating the power at of 0.44 W cm-2.

A Kw-Scale Integrated System for On-Demand Hydrogen Generation Using NaBH4 Solution and a Low-Cost Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 795-800
Author(s):  
Pouya Pashaie ◽  
Mohsen Shakeri ◽  
Reza Miremadeddin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Among several hydrogen storage methods for application in fuel cells, on-board hydrogen generation using sodium borohydride (NaBH4; a chemical hydride) for application in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells can be considered as a low-weight method for portable applications. In this paper, an integrated continuous-flow system for on-demand hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis reaction of the NaBH4 solution in the presence of a low-cost catalyst is proposed. By using the prepared non-noble Co(NO3)2 on porous alpha-alumina support, as catalyst, the cost of the catalyst has cut down considerably. Up to 15 SLPM high-purity hydrogen gas is expected to be generated by this system to supply to a 1 kW-scale proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack (H2-air, 40% efficiency).

Moisture Elimination of the Wet Hydrogen Gas Using the Electrochemical Hydrogen Compressor with a Modified MEA Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Ha Yeon Jeong ◽  
Sol Ah Jeon ◽  
Hyo Nam Jeong ◽  
Sun Ho Go ◽  
Min Sang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Catalytic Layer ◽  
Membrane Electrodes ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The electrochemical hydrogen compressor (EHC) is used as a moisture elimination tool for the wet hydrogen gas. As the pressure of cathode compartment increases, the moisture contents of hydrogen decrease, however, the electrochemical performance of the compression cell is deteriorated. In the high enough pressure difference conditions between anode and cathode the electrochemical performance loss results mainly from the dehydration of the proton exchange membrane. In this article the MEA (membrane electrodes assembly) is modified to keep the water molecules not only in the membrane but also in the cathode catalytic layer. Then the electrochemical performance of the hydrogen compression cell is measured with the moisture elimination ability. The variously modified MEAs are tested and the surfaces of modified electrodes are pictured by scanning electron microscope.

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