Effects of supplemental nitrogen application on physiological characteristics, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under waterlogging stress

Ren, Y., Zhu, J., Hussain, N., Ma, S., Ye, G., Zhang, D. and Hua, S. 2014. Seedling age and quality upon transplanting affect seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1461–1469. Seedling quality is an essential indicator for seed yield in canola, which is affected by many factors, including seedling age. Two field experiments were conducted to compare canola seedling quality and seed yield on 30-, 35-, 40-, 45-, 50-, 55-, and 60-d-old seedlings in 2011 and 2012. The relationship between seedling quality traits and seed yield of different seedling ages was also analyzed. Results revealed that the highest seed yield obtained from 40-d-old seedlings was attributed to more branches and siliques per plant. The negative effect of young seedlings (30-d-old) on seed yield was greater than that of old seedlings (60-d-old). The reduction rates in seed yield on the 30- and 60-d-old seedlings were 25.7 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the 40-d-old seedlings. Increased root neck diameter, green leaf number, shoot, and root dry matter was the case on 40-d-old seedling transplanted plants compared with other ages. However, the increase was larger in the old seedlings than in the young seedlings. On average, the shoot and root dry weights of the 30-d-old seedlings were 1.9 and 1.7% of those in the 60-d-old seedlings. However, correlation analysis revealed that the seedlings with the highest shoot and root dry matter did not necessarily obtain the highest seed yield. Factor analysis suggested that the effects of root neck diameter and green leaf number on seed yield were more pronounced than those of shoot and root dry matter. Therefore, high seed yield in canola could be defined in terms of optimum green leaf numbers and branches per plant.

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Effects of Waterlogging Stress on Six Korean Rapeseed Varieties (Brassica napus L.) during Flowering Stage

Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture ◽

10.12719/ksia.2014.26.3.284 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 284-291

Author(s):

Yong-Hwa Lee ◽

◽

Tae-Sung Lee ◽

Kwang-Soo Kim ◽

Young-Seok Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Waterlogging Stress

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DOUBLE CROPPING WINTER RAPESEED AND GRAIN SORGHUM

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps86-060 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 425-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. R. DUNCAN ◽

C. S. HOVELAND

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Cropping System ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Winter Rape ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Double Cropping ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Winter Rapeseed ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Since rainfall generally exceeds 500 mm during the winter months and soil erosion is a problem in the southern U.S.A., a cover crop is essential to reduce soil losses. Continuous cultivation of a crop on the same land also provides the opportunity for pest problems to develop. A winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench.) double-cropping system was investigated in the field from 1981 to 1984. Conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) systems were used for both crops. Gullivar rape was planted in October and harvested in June. Winter rapeseed yields averaged 2.87 t ha−1 on CT plots in 1982. Averaged over 1983 and 1984, rape yields were 1.66 and 0.73 t ha−1 on CT and NT plots, respectively. However, the seeding method biased the rapeseed performance. Problems were encountered with winter weed control and pod shattering in the winter rape plots. Two sorghum hybrids, R. C. Young Oro Txtra and Funks G-550, were planted in June and harvested in October. Grain yields were not significantly different between hybrids (Oro 5.69 t ha−1, Funk 5.67 t ha−1) or between tillage systems (CT 5.59 t ha−1, NT 5.78 t ha−1). Grain yield differences were noted for year × hybrid × tillage interactions. Rape was a weed problem in the sorghum plots. The winter rape-sorghum double-cropping system offers an alternative to current winter small grains-sorghum/soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) or winter annual legume-sorghum/soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) systems; however, markets for the winter rapeseed and production economic analyses are needed prior to adoption of the system. Additional winter rapeseed research is needed to evaluate yields properly under NT conditions.Key words: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Brassica napus L., conservation tillage, multiple cropping, sorghum, rapeseed

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ADAPTATION OF WINTER RAPESEED IN ONTARIO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-095 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 675-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. C. BEAULIEU ◽

D. J. HUME

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Field Trials ◽

Winter Survival ◽

First Year ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Northern Ontario ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

The North ◽

Winter Snow ◽

Winter Rapeseed

In order to determine regions of adaptation of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), field trials were planted at about 30 locations in Ontario in 1981 and 1982. Four cultivars were tested each year. Winter survival was poor in northern Ontario in both years, and along the north shore of Lake Erie in the first year. Over all sites, mean winter survival was 52%. At sites which did not completely winterkill, plant survival and yield averaged 70% and 2.38 t ha−1. Best winter rapeseed performance in Ontario occurred at well-drained sites with good winter snow cower and an absence of excessive flooding or cold temperatures in the spring. Cultivars did not differ in survival or yield in 1981–1982. The cultivar Jet Neuf had higher yields than the other cultivars in 1982–1983. There were differences in oil and protein content among the cultivars. The results suggest that winter rapeseed could become a viable crop in Ontario.Key words: Rapeseed (winter), Brassica napus, seed yield, winter survival, adaptation

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Contribution of Leaves, Stem, Siliques and Seeds to Dry Matter Accumulation in Ripening Seeds of Rapeseed, Brassica napus L.

Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie ◽

10.1016/s0044-328x(77)80128-1 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Gurdip Brar ◽

Werner Thies

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Brassica Napus L

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The effect of dairy effluent on dry matter yields, nutritive characteristics, and mineral content of summer-active regrowth forage crops in southern Australia

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar07277 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 578 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. L. Jacobs ◽

G. N. Ward ◽

Gavin Kearney

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Growth Period ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Dairy Effluent ◽

Dry Land

In southern Australia, the majority of dry land dairy farms use a 2-pond system to treat and contain dairy effluent collected at the milking platform. This effluent contains a range of nutrients that have the potential to affect forage dry matter (DM) yields, nutritive characteristics, and mineral content of forages. The effect of applying second-pond dairy effluent to the summer-active forages chicory (Chichorium intybus L. cv. Grouse), Hunter (Brassica campestris L. × Brassica napus L.), Winfred (Brassica napus L.), and Sweet Jumbo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum sudanese (Piper) Stapf.) over two summer periods was measured. Effluent was applied at rates of 0, 40, 80, and 100 mm with application split into two equal application times. The first occurred 6–10 weeks after sowing and the second immediately after the first grazing. Forages were assessed for DM yield, nutritive characteristics, and mineral content over the two growth periods in each year. Analysis of effluent showed that on average over the 2 years, the effluent contained 146, 34, 439, and 18 kg/ML of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S), respectively. Furthermore, the effluent also contained 161 kg/ML of calcium (Ca) and 222 kg/ML of magnesium (Mg). For the total growth period in Year 1, all crops showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in DM yield to applied effluent, with response values varying for each crop. Responses were 49, 52, 29, and 51 kg DM/ha.mm applied effluent for chicory, Hunter, Sweet Jumbo, and Winfred, respectively. For Year 2, all crops also showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in DM yield (15 kg DM/ha.mm applied effluent) with applied effluent. In Year 1, crude protein (CP) content of all crops increased (P < 0.05) in a linear manner at rates of 0.073 and 0.047% per mm applied effluent for growth periods 1 and 2. There were also linear responses (P < 0.05) in Year 2, with responses varying for each crop for each growth period. For chicory there was no effect of effluent application on CP content in either growth period, while other crops generally exhibited a linear increase with responses of up to 0.08% per mm applied effluent. The greatest changes in mineral content of herbage were those of K, Ca, and Mg. There was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in K content for all growth periods in Years 1 and 2. Magnesium content of chicory (periods 1 and 2) and Winfred (period 2) showed a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in response to effluent application in Year 1, whereas there was no effect in Year 2 for any crops. The results from this study highlight the potential of second-pond dairy effluent to increase DM yields of a range of summer-active forage crops. The data also suggest that while effluent can improve DM yields when soil moisture is limiting, when additional moisture as rainfall occurs, responses from effluent are even more pronounced. In addition, the CP content of forages can be improved when effluent is applied. The combination of increased DM yield with higher CP content provides greater flexibility in dairy cattle feeding options through the dry summer period.

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Dry matter and nitrogen partitioning and translocation in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp12401 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. N. Papantoniou ◽

J. T. Tsialtas ◽

D. K. Papakosta

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Pod Development ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Mediterranean Conditions

For crops grown in Mediterranean environments, translocation of pre-anthesis assimilates to the fruit is of great importance, because hot and dry conditions during fruit ripening diminish net assimilation rate and nitrogen (N) uptake. This field study was conducted to assess the pattern of dry matter and N accumulation and the role of assimilate translocation in pod development of oilseed rape plants in a Mediterranean environment. Four cultivars of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), i.e. three hybrids (Royal, Exact, Excalibur) and an inbred line (Fortis), were grown for two growing seasons (2005–06 and 2006–07) in northern Greece. On average, 581, 1247, 1609, and 2749 growing degree-days (GDD) were required for six leaves, stem elongation, 50% anthesis in main stem, and physiological maturity in the first year, and 539, 1085, 1601, and 2728 GDD in the second year. The R2 of the modified Richards function indicated that aboveground biomass and N accumulation were described with high approximation efficacy. The across-cultivars genotype mean maximum predicted total aboveground dry matter and N content were 1368.8 and 21.4 g m–2 in 2006 and 1655.1 and 25.4 g m–2 in 2007. In 2007, dry matter and N translocation from vegetative tissues to pods were 464.4 and 21.0 g m–2, and significantly higher than the corresponding values recorded in 2006 (264.4 and 17.0 g m–2). These differences were due to greater amounts of dry matter and N accumulating at anthesis and the greater sink capacity of plants (pod number) in 2007. The fact that pod development occurred in a period when N accumulation by oilseed rape plants had stopped led to high values of contribution of pre-anthesis N accumulation to pod N content in both years (92.8% in 2006 and 96.6% in 2007). Results indicated that hot and dry weather post anthesis reduced dramatically the net assimilation rates; thus, translocation of pre-anthesis assimilates was crucial for pod development. The results demonstrate that variation in weather conditions between growing seasons is one of the main causes of seasonal variation in oilseed rape productivity under Mediterranean conditions.

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