scholarly journals Pigeon nidopallium caudolaterale, entopallium, and mesopallium ventrolaterale neural responses during categorisation of Monet and Picasso paintings

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrona Anderson ◽  
Renelyn S. Parra ◽  
Hayley Chapman ◽  
Alina Steinemer ◽  
Blake Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Hemisphere Dominance

Abstract Pigeons can successfully discriminate between sets of Picasso and Monet paintings. We recorded from three pallial brain areas: the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), an analogue of mammalian prefrontal cortex; the entopallium (ENTO), an intermediary visual area similar to primate extrastriate cortex; and the mesopallium ventrolaterale (MVL), a higher-order visual area similar to primate higher-order extrastriate cortex, while pigeons performed an S+/S− Picasso versus Monet discrimination task. In NCL, we found that activity reflected reward-driven categorisation, with a strong left-hemisphere dominance. In ENTO, we found that activity reflected stimulus-driven categorisation, also with a strong left-hemisphere dominance. Finally, in MVL, we found that activity reflected stimulus-driven categorisation, but no hemispheric differences were apparent. We argue that while NCL and ENTO primarily use reward and stimulus information, respectively, to discriminate Picasso and Monet paintings, both areas are also capable of integrating the other type of information during categorisation. We also argue that MVL functions similarly to ENTO in that it uses stimulus information to discriminate paintings, although not in an identical way. The current study adds some preliminary evidence to previous literature which emphasises visual lateralisation during discrimination learning in pigeons.

scholarly journals Temporal scaling of neural responses to compressed and dilated natural speech

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 2433-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lerner ◽  
C. J. Honey ◽  
M. Katkov ◽  
U. Hasson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Area ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Incoming Information ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Neural Information Processing ◽  
Original Narrative ◽  
Long Timescales

Different brain areas integrate information over different timescales, and this capacity to accumulate information increases from early sensory areas to higher order perceptual and cognitive areas. It is currently unknown whether the timescale capacity of each brain area is fixed or whether it adaptively rescales depending on the rate at which information arrives from the world. Here, using functional MRI, we measured brain responses to an auditory narrative presented at different rates. We asked whether neural responses to slowed (speeded) versions of the narrative could be compressed (stretched) to match neural responses to the original narrative. Temporal rescaling was observed in early auditory regions (which accumulate information over short timescales) as well as linguistic and extra-linguistic brain areas (which can accumulate information over long timescales). The temporal rescaling phenomenon started to break down for stimuli presented at double speed, and intelligibility was also impaired for these stimuli. These data suggest that 1) the rate of neural information processing can be rescaled according to the rate of incoming information, both in early sensory regions as well as in higher order cortexes, and 2) the rescaling of neural dynamics is confined to a range of rates that match the range of behavioral performance.

scholarly journals Pain-Related Brain Connectivity Changes in Migraine: A Narrative Review and Proof of Concept about Possible Novel Treatments Interference

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Marina de Tommaso ◽  
Eleonora Vecchio ◽  
Silvia Giovanna Quitadamo ◽  
Gianluca Coppola ◽  
Antonio Di Renzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Neuronal Dysfunction ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

A neuronal dysfunction based on the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory cortical-subcortical neurotransmission seems at the basis of migraine. Intercritical neuronal abnormal excitability can culminate in the bioelectrical phenomenon of Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) with secondary involvement of the vascular system and release of inflammatory mediators, modulating in turn neuronal activity. Neuronal dysfunction encompasses the altered connectivity between the brain areas implicated in the genesis, maintenance and chronic evolution of migraine. Advanced neuroimaging techniques allow to identify changes in functional connectivity (FC) between brain areas involved in pain processes. Through a narrative review, we re-searched case-control studies on FC in migraine, between 2015 and 2020, by inserting the words migraine, fMRI, EEG, MEG, connectivity, pain in Pubmed. Studies on FC have shown that cortical processes, in the neurolimbic pain network, are likely to be prevalent for triggering attacks, in response to predisposing factors, and that these lead to a demodulation of the subcortical areas, at the basis of migraine maintenance. The link between brain dysfunction and peripheral interactions through the inhibition of CGRP, the main mediator of sterile migraine inflammation needs to be further investigated. Preliminary evidence could suggest that peripheral nerves inference at somatic and trigeminal levels, appears to change brain FC.

Left Hemisphere Dominance for Movement

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Y. Haaland
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Hemisphere Dominance

scholarly journals Reward-Related Suppression of Neural Activity in Macaque Visual Area V4

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 4871-4881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A Shapcott ◽  
Joscha T Schmiedt ◽  
Kleopatra Kouroupaki ◽  
Ricardo Kienitz ◽  
Andreea Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Perceptual Judgment ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Differential Reward ◽  
Visual Area V4 ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In order for organisms to survive, they need to detect rewarding stimuli, for example, food or a mate, in a complex environment with many competing stimuli. These rewarding stimuli should be detected even if they are nonsalient or irrelevant to the current goal. The value-driven theory of attentional selection proposes that this detection takes place through reward-associated stimuli automatically engaging attentional mechanisms. But how this is achieved in the brain is not very well understood. Here, we investigate the effect of differential reward on the multiunit activity in visual area V4 of monkeys performing a perceptual judgment task. Surprisingly, instead of finding reward-related increases in neural responses to the perceptual target, we observed a large suppression at the onset of the reward indicating cues. Therefore, while previous research showed that reward increases neural activity, here we report a decrease. More suppression was caused by cues associated with higher reward than with lower reward, although neither cue was informative about the perceptually correct choice. This finding of reward-associated neural suppression further highlights normalization as a general cortical mechanism and is consistent with predictions of the value-driven attention theory.

Hemispheric Differences in Detection of Deception with Content-Filtered Speech

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1241-1242
Author(s):  
Patricia Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Detection Of Deception ◽  
Filtered Speech

Participants ( N=139) listened to 15 speakers (8 deceptive, 7 truthful) in one of three conditions, left ear (right hemisphere), right ear (left hemisphere), and both ears (combined hemispheres) and attempted to decide which speakers were deceptive. Accuracy of detection was not significantly different across the three conditions.

On the biological basis of human laterality: II. The mechanisms of inheritance

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Morgan ◽  
Michael C. Corballis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
General Context ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Random Fashion ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis paper focuses on the inheritance of human handedness and cerebral lateralization within the more general context of structural biological asymmetries. The morphogenesis of asymmetrical structures, such as the heart in vertebrates, depends upon a complex interaction between information coded in the cytoplasm and in the genes, but the polarity of asymmetry seems to depend on the cytoplasmic rather than the genetic code. Indeed it is extremely difficult to find clear-cut examples in which the direction of an asymmetry is under genetic control. As one possible case, there is some evidence that the direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, of rotation of the abdomen in certain mutant strains of Drosophila is controlled by a particular gene locus, although there appears to be some degree of confusion on this point. By contrast, it is much easier to find examples in which the degree but not the direction of asymmetry is under genetic control. For instance, there is a mutant strain of mice in which half of the animals display situs inversus of the viscera. The proportion has remained at one half despite many years of inbreeding, suggesting that the mutant allele effectively cancels the normal situs and allows the asymmetry to be specified in random fashion.Although this account does not deny that the right hemisphere of humans may be the more specialized for certain functions, it does attribute a leading or dominant role to the left hemisphere (at least in most individuals). We suggest that so-called “right-hemisphere” functions are essentially acquired by default, due to the left hemisphere's prior involvement with speech and skilled motor acts; we note, for instance, that these right-hemisphere functions include rather elementary perceptual processes. But perhaps the more critical prediction from our account is that the phenomenon of equipotentiality should be unidirectional: the right (lagging) hemisphere should be more disposed to take over left-hemisphere functions following early lesions than is the left (leading) hemisphere to take over right-hemisphere functions. We note preliminary evidence that this may be so.

Higher Order Visual Processing in Macaque Extrastriate Cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A. Orban
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Medial Superior Temporal ◽  
Extrastriate Areas ◽  
Putative Mechanism

The extrastriate cortex of primates encompasses a substantial portion of the cerebral cortex and is devoted to the higher order processing of visual signals and their dispatch to other parts of the brain. A first step towards the understanding of the function of this cortical tissue is a description of the selectivities of the various neuronal populations for higher order aspects of the image. These selectivities present in the various extrastriate areas support many diverse representations of the scene before the subject. The list of the known selectivities includes that for pattern direction and speed gradients in middle temporal/V5 area; for heading in medial superior temporal visual area, dorsal part; for orientation of nonluminance contours in V2 and V4; for curved boundary fragments in V4 and shape parts in infero-temporal area (IT); and for curvature and orientation in depth from disparity in IT and CIP. The most common putative mechanism for generating such emergent selectivity is the pattern of excitatory and inhibitory linear inputs from the afferent area combined with nonlinear mechanisms in the afferent and receiving area.

Native and nonnative processing of Japanese pitch accent

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIANGHUA WU ◽  
JUNG-YUEH TU ◽  
YUE WANG
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Tone Language ◽  
Hemisphere Dominance ◽  
Nonnative Listeners ◽  
Prosodic Processing ◽  
Japanese Pitch Accent

ABSTRACTThe theoretical framework of this study is based on the prevalent debate of whether prosodic processing is influenced by higher level linguistic-specific circuits or reflects lower level encoding of physical properties. Using the dichotic listening technique, the study investigates the hemispheric processing of Japanese pitch accent by native Japanese listeners and two groups of nonnative listeners with no prior pitch accent experience but differing in their native language experience with linguistic pitch: native listeners of Mandarin (a tone language with higher linguistic functional use of pitch) and native listeners of English (a stress language with lower functional use of pitch). The overall results reveal that, for both native and nonnative listeners, the processing of Japanese pitch accent is less lateralized (compared to lexical tone processing, which has been found to be a left hemisphere property). However, detailed analysis with individual pitch accents across groups shows a right hemisphere preference for processing the high–accent–low (H*L) pattern, a left hemisphere preference for LH*, and no hemisphere dominance for LH, indicating a significant reliance on the acoustic cues. These patterns are particularly prominent with the English listeners who are least experienced with linguistic pitch. Together, the findings suggest an interplay of linguistic and acoustic aspects in the processing of Japanese pitch accent by native and nonnative listeners.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document