scholarly journals Skin hydration dynamics investigated by electrical impedance techniques in vivo and in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Morin ◽  
Tautgirdas Ruzgas ◽  
Per Svedenhag ◽  
Christopher D. Anderson ◽  
Stig Ollmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Skin Impedance ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Impedance Change ◽  
Hydration Dynamics

Abstract Skin is easily accessible for transdermal drug delivery and also attractive for biomarker sampling. These applications are strongly influenced by hydration where elevated hydration generally leads to increased skin permeability. Thus, favorable transdermal delivery and extraction conditions can be easily obtained by exploiting elevated skin hydration. Here, we provide a detailed in vivo and in vitro investigation of the skin hydration dynamics using three techniques based on electrical impedance spectroscopy. Good correlation between in vivo and in vitro results is demonstrated, which implies that simple but realistic in vitro models can be used for further studies related to skin hydration (e.g., cosmetic testing). Importantly, the results show that hydration proceeds in two stages. Firstly, hydration between 5 and 10 min results in a drastic skin impedance change, which is interpreted as filling of superficial voids in skin with conducting electrolyte solution. Secondly, a subtle impedance change is observed over time, which is interpreted as leveling of the water gradient across skin leading to structural relaxation/changes of the macromolecular skin barrier components. With respect to transdermal drug delivery and extraction of biomarkers; 1 h of hydration is suggested to result in beneficial and stable conditions in terms of high skin permeability and extraction efficiency.

scholarly journals Combining Microbubble Contrast Agent with Pulsed-Laser Irradiation for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ho Liao ◽  
Ho-Chiao Chuang ◽  
Bo-Ya Chang ◽  
Wen-Chuan Kuo ◽  
Chih-Hung Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agent ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Control Group

The optodynamic process of laser-induced microbubble (MB) cavitation in liquids is utilized in various medical applications. However, how incident laser radiation interacts with MBs as an ultrasound contrast agent is rarely estimated when the liquid already contains stable MBs. The present study investigated the efficacy of the laser-mediated cavitation of albumin-shelled MBs in enhancing transdermal drug delivery. Different types and conditions of laser-mediated inertial cavitation of MBs were first evaluated. A CO2 fractional pulsed laser was selected for combining with MBs in the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro skin penetration by β-arbutin after 2 h was 2 times greater in the group combining a laser with MBs than in the control group. In small-animal experiments, the whitening effect on the skin of C57BL/6J mice in the group combining a laser with MBs on the skin plus penetrating β-arbutin increased (significantly) by 48.0% at day 11 and 50.0% at day 14, and then tended to stabilize for the remainder of the 20-day experimental period. The present results indicate that combining a CO2 laser with albumin-shelled MBs can increase skin permeability so as to enhance the delivery of β-arbutin to inhibit melanogenesis in mice without damaging the skin.

scholarly journals Improved Biosafety and Transdermal Delivery of Aconitine via Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether-Mediated Microemulsion Assisted with Microneedles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtai Zhang ◽  
Hongmei Hu ◽  
Qian Jing ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Zehui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether

In the current study, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether-mediated microemulsions were combined with microneedles for enhanced transdermal aconitine delivery. The oil-in-water microemulsion increasedaconitine solubility and enhanced transdermal drug delivery and assistance with metal microneedles enhanced permeation of the aconitine-loaded microemulsion. Carried by the microemulsion, the in vitro permeability of aconitine was significantly enhanced, and further improved using microneedles. In vivo microdialysis revealed that the subcutaneous local drug concentration reached a high level within 30 min and remained relatively consistent to the end of the experimental period. AUC0-t of the microemulsion group was significantly higher than that of the aqueous solution group, and the microemulsion combined with microneedles group achieved the highest AUC0-t among the tested groups. The microemulsion and microdialysis probe also showed good biocompatibility with skin tissue. The microemulsion could be internalized by HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cells via lysosomes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of aconitine toward skin cells was reduced via encapsulation by microemulsion, and the prepared microemulsion developed no skin irritation. Hence, transdermal aconitine delivery and drug biosafety were effectively improved by loading into the microemulsion and assisting with microneedles, and in vivo microdialysis technique is suitable for realtime monitoring of transdermal drug delivery with microemulsion-based drug vehicles.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of polymer microneedles for controlled transdermal drug delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhi Chen ◽  
Mohammad Ashfaq ◽  
Xiao Peng Zhang ◽  
Jia Nan Zhang ◽  
Xin Dong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
In Vivo Assessment

scholarly journals Biorelevant In Vitro Skin Permeation Testing and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Lidocaine from a Nonaqueous Drug-in-Matrix Topical System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emileigh Greuber ◽  
Kip Vought ◽  
Kalpana Patel ◽  
Hiroaki Suzuki ◽  
Kazuhiro Usuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Drug Load

AbstractRecently, lidocaine topical systems utilizing nonaqueous matrices have been developed and provide efficient lidocaine delivery through the skin, such that lower concentrations of drug provide equivalent or greater drug delivery than drug-in-matrix hydrogel lidocaine patches. This study characterizes drug delivery from a nonaqueous lidocaine topical system with increasing drug load both in vitro and in vivo. Topical systems formulated with either 1.8% or 5.4% lidocaine were applied to healthy volunteers’ backs (n = 15) for 12 h in a single-center, open-label, four-treatment, four-period crossover pharmacokinetic study. Subjects were dosed with either three 1.8% systems or one, two, or three 5.4% systems in each period. Blood was collected for up to 48 h, and plasma lidocaine levels were measured with a validated HPLC method. In parallel, human and mouse skin models characterized the in vitro skin permeation profile. The pharmacokinetic profile was linear between one, two, and three lidocaine 5.4% applications. Application of three lidocaine 1.8% systems (108 mg lidocaine) was bioequivalent to one lidocaine 5.4% system (108 mg lidocaine). Both topical systems remained well adhered to the skin and irritation was mild. The 5.4% system had approximately threefold higher skin permeability than the 1.8% system in the mouse and human skin models. The results indicate increasing the drug load by three times results in triple the drug delivery both in vivo and in vitro. The relationship between the in vitro permeation and in vivo absorption correlates and is nonlinear.

scholarly journals Transdermal Drug Delivery Aided by an Ultrasound Contrast Agent: An In Vitro Experimental Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghee Park ◽  
Jinhee Yoon ◽  
Jingam Park ◽  
Byungjo Jung ◽  
Hyunjin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agent ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast

Sonophoresis temporarily increases skin permeability such that medicine can be delivered transdermally. Cavitation is believed to be the predominant mechanism in sonophoresis. In this study, an ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) strategy was adopted instead of low frequency ultrasound to assure that cavitation occurred, and the efficacy of sonophoresis with UCA was quantitatively analyzed by optical measurements. The target drug used in this study was 0.1 % Definity® in 70% glycerol, which was delivered into porcine skin samples. Glycerol was used because it is an optical clearing agent, and the efficiency of glycerol delivery could be analyzed with optical measurements. The applied acoustic pressure was approximately 600 kPa at 1 MHz ultrasound with a 10% duty cycle for 60 minutes. Experimental results indicated that the measured relative contrast (RC) after sonophoresis with UCA was approximately 80% higher than RC after sonophoresis without UCA. In addition, the variance of RC was also reduced by more than 50% with the addition of a UCA. The use of a UCA appeared to increase cavitation, demonstrating that the use of a UCA can be effective in transdermal drug delivery (TDD).

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