scholarly journals Unilateral step training can drive faster learning of novel gait patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine N. Song ◽  
Jan Stenum ◽  
Kristan A. Leech ◽  
Chloe K. Keller ◽  
Ryan T. Roemmich
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Speed Difference ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract Humans are capable of learning many new walking patterns. People have learned to snowshoe up mountains, racewalk marathons, and march in precise synchrony. But what is required to learn a new walking pattern? Here, we demonstrate that people can learn new walking patterns without actually walking. Through a series of experiments, we observe that stepping with only one leg can facilitate learning of an entirely new walking pattern (i.e., split-belt treadmill walking). We find that the nervous system learns from the relative speed difference between the legs—whether or not both legs are moving—and can transfer this learning to novel gaits. We also show that locomotor learning requires active movement: observing another person adapt their gait did not result in significantly faster learning. These findings reveal that people can learn new walking patterns without bilateral gait training, as stepping with one leg can facilitate adaptive learning that transfers to novel gait patterns.

scholarly journals People can learn new walking patterns without walking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine N. Song ◽  
Jan Stenum ◽  
Kristan A. Leech ◽  
Chloe Keller ◽  
Ryan T. Roemmich
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Series Of Experiments

ABSTRACTHumans can learn many new walking patterns. People have learned to snowshoe up mountains, racewalk marathons, and march in precise synchrony. But what is required to learn a new walking pattern? Here, we demonstrate that people can learn new walking patterns without actually walking. Through a series of experiments, we observe that stepping with only one leg can facilitate learning of an entirely new walking pattern (i.e., split-belt treadmill walking). We find that the nervous system learns from the relative motion between the legs – whether or not both legs are moving – and can transfer this learning to novel gaits. We also show that locomotor learning requires active movement: observing another person adapt their gait did not result in significantly faster learning. These findings reveal that people can learn new walking patterns without bilateral gait training, as stepping with one leg can facilitate adaptive learning that transfers to novel gait patterns.

scholarly journals Gait Rehabilitation Device in Central Nervous System Disease: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Kubo ◽  
Takanori Miyoshi ◽  
Akira Kanai ◽  
Kazuhiko Terashima
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

Central nervous system diseases cause the gait disorder. Early rehabilitation of a patient with central nervous system disease is shown to be benefit. However, early gait training is difficult because of muscular weakness and those elderly patients who lose of leg muscular power. In the patient's walking training, therapists assist the movement of patient's lower limbs and control the movement of patient's lower limbs. However the assistance for the movement of the lower limbs is a serious hard labor for therapists. Therefore, research into and development of various gait rehabilitation devices is currently underway to identify methods to alleviate the physical burden on therapists. In this paper, we introduced the about gait rehabilitation devices in central nervous system disease.

scholarly journals Clinical experiences with a convertible thermoplastic knee-ankle-foot orthosis for post-stroke hemiplegic patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kakurai ◽  
M. Akai
Keyword(s):  
Gait Training ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
Foot Orthosis

As rehabilitation for post-stroke hemiplegic patients has become widely accepted practice, there has been an increase in patients who are more difficult to treat. In the prescription rationale of orthoses for hemiplegics, the knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) for the lower limb has generally been underestimated because of its inhibitory effect on the normal walking pattern and also its interference with gait training. The authors had an experience of 28 hemiplegics with severe physical impairments who were fitted with a convertible plastic KAFO. Among these patients, there were 11 cases in which the KAFO was replaced by an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) within 1.5 to 8 months (average 4 months) following initial prescription when they were able to control their knee actively. Ambulatory capability in these patients was superior to that of the remaining KAFO group. The Barthel index of the AFO group patients was higher than the KAFO group (p<0.01). However neither age, sex, severity of hemiplegia, starting time of rehabilitation following onset of stroke, time of fitting with the orthosis, nor the functional recovery stage were critical factors between the two groups, only the incidence of major complications affected ambulatory capability.

196. The Effect of a Biomechanical Gait-Training Device on Gait Patterns of Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Patients

Rheumatology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i132-i132
Author(s):  
Omri Lubobvsky ◽  
Amit Mor ◽  
Ganit Segal ◽  
Ronen Debi ◽  
Yiftah Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Training Device ◽  
Gait Patterns

Ventilatory afterdischarge and central respiratory drive interactions in the awake goat

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Engwall ◽  
C. A. Smith ◽  
J. A. Dempsey ◽  
G. E. Bisgard
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Expiratory Muscle ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Animal Preparation

We have previously established the existence of ventilatory afterdischarge (VAD) in the awake goat by means of an isolated perfused carotid body (CB) technique. In the present series of experiments we used this animal preparation to examine the effects of systemic (central nervous system) hypoxia, mild hypercapnia, and hypocapnia on the manifestation of VAD in ventilatory variables and respiratory muscle electromyogram activity after hypoxic stimulation of the isolated CB. With systemic isocapnic normoxia, inspired minute ventilation remains above control for 30–40 s (time constant = 16.8 s) after termination of CB hypoxia; however, with systemic hypocapnia, VAD is short (time constant = 5.5 s) and hypoventilation is common after removal of CB stimulation. During mild systemic hypercapnia, VAD is prolonged (time constant = 39.9 s). However, systemic (central nervous system) hypoxia did not decrease VAD (time constant = 17.0 s). These results indicate that the manifestation of VAD is more sensitive to the level of arterial PCO2 and central chemoreceptor activity than it is to the state of central oxygenation. Inspiratory and expiratory muscle electromyogram activities qualitatively tracked ventilation during CB stimulation and during the VAD period in all conditions.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Using Foot–Ground Clearance Biofeedback Training in Treadmill Walking for Post-Stroke Gait Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Hanatsu Nagano ◽  
Catherine M. Said ◽  
Lisa James ◽  
Rezaul K. Begg
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Foot Clearance

Hemiplegic stroke often impairs gait and increases falls risk during rehabilitation. Tripping is the leading cause of falls, but the risk can be reduced by increasing vertical swing foot clearance, particularly at the mid-swing phase event, minimum foot clearance (MFC). Based on previous reports, real-time biofeedback training may increase MFC. Six post-stroke individuals undertook eight biofeedback training sessions over a month, in which an infrared marker attached to the front part of the shoe was tracked in real-time, showing vertical swing foot motion on a monitor installed in front of the subject during treadmill walking. A target increased MFC range was determined, and participants were instructed to control their MFC within the safe range. Gait assessment was conducted three times: Baseline, Post-training and one month from the final biofeedback training session. In addition to MFC, step length, step width, double support time and foot contact angle were measured. After biofeedback training, increased MFC with a trend of reduced step-to-step variability was observed. Correlation analysis revealed that MFC height of the unaffected limb had interlinks with step length and ankle angle. In contrast, for the affected limb, step width variability and MFC height were positively correlated. The current pilot-study suggested that biofeedback gait training may reduce tripping falls for post-stroke individuals.

scholarly journals Learning the spatial features of a locomotor task is slowed after stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Tyrell ◽  
Erin Helm ◽  
Darcy S. Reisman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Neurologically Intact

The capacity for humans to learn a new walking pattern has been explored with a split-belt treadmill during single sessions of adaptation, but the split-belt treadmill can also be used to study longer-term motor learning. Although the literature provides some information about motor learning after stroke, existing studies have primarily involved the upper extremity and the results are mixed. The purpose of this study was to characterize learning of a novel locomotor task in stroke survivors. We hypothesized that the presence of neurological dysfunction from stroke would result in slower learning of a locomotor task and decreased retention of what was learned and that these deficits would be related to level of sensorimotor impairment. Sixteen participants with stroke and sixteen neurologically intact participants walked on a split-belt treadmill for 15 min on 5 consecutive days and during a retention test. Step length and limb phase were measured to capture learning of the spatial and temporal aspects of walking. Learning the spatial pattern of split-belt treadmill walking was slowed after stroke compared with neurologically intact subjects, whereas there were no differences between these two groups in learning the temporal pattern. During the retention test, poststroke participants demonstrated equal retention of the split-belt treadmill walking pattern compared with those who were neurologically intact. The results suggest that although stroke survivors are slower to learn a new spatial pattern of gait, if given sufficient time they are able to do so to the same extent as those who are neurologically intact.

Further Observations on Experimental Toxi-Infection of the Central Nervous System

1918 ◽  
Vol 64 (264) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
David Orr ◽  
Rows
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Series Of Experiments

This communication is a continuation of our experimental work on the action of bacterial poisons upon the nervous system.In 1914 (2), after several series of experiments, we drew attention to the differences between lymphogenous and haematogenous infection. The first was induced by infecting the ascending lymph stream of nerves ; the second by placing celloidin capsules containing a culture of bacteria in the abdominal cavity.

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