scholarly journals Concomitant improvement in anti-saccade success rate and postural instability gait difficulty after rTMS treatment for Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Okada ◽  
Mizuki Takahira ◽  
Tomoo Mano ◽  
Taichi Uga ◽  
Kuni Konaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Postural Instability Gait Difficulty

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by motor and non-motor deficits. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the bilateral primary motor cortex at a high frequency (5 Hz or higher) is reported to be a potential treatment of PD. We aimed to assess the effect of rTMS on eye movement control in patients with PD in their ‘on’ state. We enrolled 14 patients with PD and assessed motor symptoms (Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; MDS-UPDRS) and eye movement performances (visually guided saccades, volitional anti-saccades, and small involuntary saccades during fixation) at baseline and after administering bilateral 10 Hz rTMS on leg region of the motor cortex. We confirmed that rTMS improved the MDS-UPDRS motor scores and found that rTMS improved the anti-saccade success rate, which requires adequate inhibition of the reflexive response. The improvement in anti-saccade success rate was correlated with that of the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) sub-scores of MDS-UPDRS and lower baseline Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. This result is consistent with previous findings that PIGD and inhibitory control deficits share common brain dysfunctions in PD. rTMS may alleviate dysfunctions of that circuit and have a clinical effect.

scholarly journals Transcranial random noise stimulation over the primary motor cortex in PD-MCI patients: a crossover, randomized, sham-controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 1589-1597
Author(s):  
Roberto Monastero ◽  
Roberta Baschi ◽  
Alessandra Nicoletti ◽  
Laura Pilati ◽  
Lorenzo Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a very common non-motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the non-amnestic single-domain is the most frequent subtype. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a non-invasive technique, which is capable of enhancing cortical excitability. As the main contributor to voluntary movement control, the primary motor cortex (M1) has been recently reported to be involved in higher cognitive functioning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of tRNS applied over M1 in PD-MCI patients in cognitive and motor tasks. Ten PD-MCI patients, diagnosed according to the Movement Disorder Society, Level II criteria for MCI, underwent active (real) and placebo (sham) tRNS single sessions, at least 1 week apart. Patients underwent cognitive (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Digit Symbol, Visual Search, Letter Fluency, Stroop Test) and motor assessments (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS-ME], specific timed trials for bradykinesia, 10-m walk and Timed up and go tests) before and after each session. A significant improvement in motor ability (UPDRS-ME and lateralized scores, ps from 0.049 to 0.003) was observed after real versus sham tRNS. On the contrary, no significant differences were found in other motor tasks and cognitive assessment both after real and sham stimulations. These results confirm that tRNS is a safe and effective tool for improving motor functioning in PD-MCI. Future studies using a multisession tRNS applied over multitargeted brain areas (i.e., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and M1) are required to clarify the role of tRNS regarding rehabilitative intervention in PD.

scholarly journals Enhanced Synchrony among Primary Motor Cortex Neurons in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 4639-4653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Goldberg ◽  
Thomas Boraud ◽  
Sharon Maraton ◽  
Suzanne N. Haber ◽  
Eilon Vaadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Primate Model

Lack of LTP-like plasticity in primary motor cortex in Parkinson's disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suppa ◽  
L. Marsili ◽  
D. Belvisi ◽  
A. Conte ◽  
E. Iezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex

scholarly journals Acute dopamine boost has a negative effect on plasticity of the primary motor cortex in advanced Parkinson's disease

Brain ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 2074-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kishore ◽  
T. Popa ◽  
B. Velayudhan ◽  
T. Joseph ◽  
A. Balachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Negative Effect

Long-term effect of safinamide on primary motor cortex excitability and plasticity in Parkinson's disease: A TMS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 119453
Author(s):  
Valentina D'Onofrio ◽  
Andrea Guerra ◽  
Francesco Asci ◽  
Giovanni Fabbrini ◽  
Alfredo Berardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability

scholarly journals Enhancing Gamma Oscillations Restores Primary Motor Cortex Plasticity in Parkinson's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (24) ◽  
pp. 4788-4796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Guerra ◽  
Francesco Asci ◽  
Valentina D'Onofrio ◽  
Valerio Sveva ◽  
Matteo Bologna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Motor Cortex Plasticity

Is Cortical Activation During Walking Different Between Parkinson’s Disease Motor Subtypes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Orcioli-Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Vitório ◽  
Victor Spiandor Beretta ◽  
Núbia Ribeiro da Conceição ◽  
Priscila Nóbrega-Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Gait Disorder ◽  
Beta Power

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is often classified into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability gait disorder (PIGD) subtypes. Degeneration of subcortical/cortical pathways is different between PD subtypes, which leads to differences in motor behavior. However, the influence of PD subtype on cortical activity during walking remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of PD motor subtypes on cortical activity during unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance. Seventeen PIGD and 19 TD patients performed unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance conditions. Brain activity was measured using a mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy–electroencephalography (EEG) systems, and gait parameters were analyzed using an electronic carpet. Concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and EEG absolute power from alpha, beta, and gamma bands in FCz, Cz, CPz, and Oz channels were calculated. These EEG channels correspond to supplementary motor area, primary motor cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and visual cortex, respectively. Postural instability gait disorder patients presented higher PFC activity than TD patients, regardless of the walking condition. Tremor dominant patients presented reduced beta power in the Cz channel during obstacle avoidance compared to unobstructed walking. Both TD and PIGD patients decreased alpha and beta power in the FCz and CPz channels. In conclusion, PIGD patients need to recruit additional cognitive resources from the PFC for walking. Both TD and PIGD patients presented changes in the activation of brain areas related to motor/sensorimotor areas in order to maintain balance control during obstacle avoidance, being that TD patients presented further changes in the motor area (Cz channel) to avoid obstacles.

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