scholarly journals Quantitative and semi-quantitative CT assessments of lung lesion burden in COVID-19 pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Guan ◽  
Liding Yao ◽  
Yanbin Tan ◽  
Zhujing Shen ◽  
Hanpeng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Severe Type

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify and provide clinical evidence for which computed tomography (CT) assessment method can more appropriately reflect lung lesion burden of the COVID-19 pneumonia. A total of 244 COVID-19 patients were recruited from three local hospitals. All the patients were assigned to mild, common and severe types. Semi-quantitative assessment methods, e.g., lobar-, segmental-based CT scores and opacity-weighted score, and quantitative assessment method, i.e., lesion volume quantification, were applied to quantify the lung lesions. All four assessment methods had high inter-rater agreements. At the group level, the lesion load in severe type patients was consistently observed to be significantly higher than that in common type in the applications of four assessment methods (all the p < 0.001). In discriminating severe from common patients at the individual level, results for lobe-based, segment-based and opacity-weighted assessments had high true positives while the quantitative lesion volume had high true negatives. In conclusion, both semi-quantitative and quantitative methods have excellent repeatability in measuring inflammatory lesions, and can well distinguish between common type and severe type patients. Lobe-based CT score is fast, readily clinically available, and has a high sensitivity in identifying severe type patients. It is suggested to be a prioritized method for assessing the burden of lung lesions in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF METHODS FOR ANALYZING AND EVALUATING REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Р.Т. Дуламбаева ◽  
А.Н. Турекулова ◽  
З.К. Жаныбаева ◽  
А.Е. Беделбаева ◽  
R. Dulambaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Мақала өңірлердің бәсекеге қабілеттілігін бағалау әдістері мен әдістемелерін зерттеуге арналған. Өңірлердің бәсекеге қабілеттілігінің теориялық негіздеріне зерттеу жүргізілді, аймақтың бәсекеге қабілеттілігін бағалаудың қолданыстағы әдістемелеріне талдау жасалды; аумақтың бәсекеге қабілеттілігінің бағалау әдістемелерін қолдану бойынша нақты ұсыныстар әзірленді. Аймақтың бәсекеге қабілеттілігін бағалаудың тұжырымдамалары зерделенді. Өңірлердің бәсекеге қабілеттілігін бағалаудың неғұрлым жиі қолданылатын көрсеткіштер жүйесіне шолу жасалды. Аймақтың әлеуметтік-экономикалық даму тенденцияларын талдау үшін макроэкономикалық көрсеткіштерге негізделген сандық бағалау әдістері, бағалаудың интегралды әдістері, аймақтардың бәсекеге қабілеттілігін рейтингтік бағалау, сараптамалық бағалау әдістері және шетелдік бағалау әдістері қарастырылды. Өңірлердің бәсекеге қабілеттілігін талдау мен бағалаудың әдістерінің негізгі ерекшеліктері анықталды. Өңірдің бәсекеге қабілеттілігін бағалау әдістерінде әлеуметтік факторларға басымдық берілетіндігі, аймақты бағалаудың сандық әдістерін бір-бірінен бөлек әрі кешенді қолдануға болатындығы, шетелдік әдістемелерде көптеген көрсеткіштер жүйесі қолданылатындығы және ол кешенді талдау жүргізуге мүмкіндік беретіндігі туралы қорытынды жасалды. The article is devoted to the study of methods and techniques for assessing the competitiveness of regions. The theoretical foundations of regional competitiveness are studied, the analysis of existing methods for assessing the competitiveness of the region is carried out, and specific recommendations are developed for the use of methods for assessing the competitiveness of the territory. The concepts of assessing the competitiveness of the region are studied. The review of the most frequently used system of indicators for assessing the competitiveness of regions is carried out. To analyze trends in the socio-economic development of the region, quantitative assessment methods based on macroeconomic indicators, integrated assessment methods, rating assessment of regional competitiveness, expert assessment methods, and foreign assessment methods were considered. The main features of methods for analyzing and evaluating the competitiveness of regions are determined. It is concluded that in the methods of assessing the competitiveness of the region, preference is given to social factors; quantitative methods of assessing the region can be used both separately from each other and in a complex way; foreign methods use a system of many indicators, which allows for a comprehensive analysis.

Communication Assessment for Individuals With Minimal Verbal Skills: A Survey of Current Practices and Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1997-2011
Author(s):  
Kristen Muller ◽  
Nancy C. Brady ◽  
Kandace K. Fleming ◽  
Kris Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Verbal Skills ◽  
Current Assessment

Purpose There are few tools developed specifically to assess communication in people with minimal verbal skills. The literature suggests that “gold standard” assessment practice includes a combination of three components: observation, direct assessment, and indirect assessment. The purpose of this study was to describe the assessment methods practitioners and researchers currently use to measure communication skills in individuals with minimal verbal skills. We also wanted to gain information about professionals' satisfaction with their current assessment methods, as well as the factors they consider when selecting assessments for this population. Method A 24-question survey, composed of forced-choice, multiple-choice, Likert-type, and open-ended questions, was disseminated online using LimeSurvey. A total of 217 individuals responded to the survey. Results from the questionnaire were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Results The number and type of assessments used varied. Observation was the assessment method identified most frequently. Nineteen percent of the respondents reported using the gold standard approach (i.e., observation + direct + indirect). Many respondents were dissatisfied with some or many aspects of their current assessment method. Respondents who used the gold standard approach reported that their assessment method assisted in setting goals significantly better than those who did not use this approach. Comprehensiveness of skills assessed as well as ease and comfort level of the examinee were key factors in assessment selection. Conclusions Results from this survey suggest the need to continue to promote using multiple forms of assessment for individuals with minimal verbal skills. In addition, it points to the need to develop additional effective assessment methods for individuals with minimal verbal skills.

scholarly journals Feasibility of the Quantitative Assessment Method for CT Quality Control in Phantom Image Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3570
Author(s):  
Ki Baek Lee ◽  
Ki Chang Nam ◽  
Ji Sung Jang ◽  
Ho Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Phantom Image ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
High Utility

Computed tomography (CT) quality control (QC) is regularly performed with standard phantoms, to bar faulty equipment from medical use. Its accuracy may be improved by replacing qualitative methods based on good visual distinction with pixel value-based quantitative methods. We hypothesized that statistical texture analysis (TA) that covers the entire phantom image would be a more appropriate tool. Therefore, our study devised a novel QC method based on the TA for contrast resolution (CR) and spatial resolution (SR) and proposed new, quantitative CT QC criteria. TA of CR and SR images on an American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) CT Performance Phantom were performed with nine CT scanner models. Six texture descriptors derived from first-order statistics of grayscale image histograms were analyzed. Principal component analysis was used to reveal descriptors with high utility. For CR evaluation, contrast and softness were the most accurate descriptors. For SR evaluation, contrast, softness, and skewness were the most useful descriptors. We propose the following ranges: contrast for CR, 29.5 ± 15%, for SR, 29 ± 10%; softness for CR, <0.015, for SR, <0.014; and skewness for SR, >−1.85. Our novel TA method may improve the assessment of CR and SR of AAPM phantom images.

Quantitative Methods for Measuring Neighborhood Characteristics in Neighborhood Health Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin T. Duncan ◽  
William C. Goedel ◽  
Rumi Chunara
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristic ◽  
Social Observation ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
Information Retrieval Methods ◽  
Online Sources

Research connecting neighborhoods and health has characterized neighborhood factors in multiple ways. This chapter discusses standard and emerging methods to measure and study neighborhood characteristics. In particular, this chapter provides an overview of neighborhood characteristic assessment methods, including self-report, systematic social observation, geographic information system (GIS) methods, Web-based geospatial methods, real-time geospatial methods, crowd-sourced geospatial methods, and information retrieval methods from online sources such as Instagram and Twitter. This chapter also discusses the strengths and limitations of each neighborhood characteristic assessment method (e.g., ease of administration, validity), and readers are provided with examples of each neighborhood assessment method applied in the epidemiology and population health literature.

scholarly journals Subjective Versus Quantitative Methods of Assessing Breast Density

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijdan Alomaim ◽  
Desiree O’Leary ◽  
John Ryan ◽  
Louise Rainford ◽  
Michael Evanoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
National Breast ◽  
Busy Clinical Setting

In order to find a consistent, simple and time-efficient method of assessing mammographic breast density (MBD), different methods of assessing density comparing subjective, quantitative, semi-subjective and semi-quantitative methods were investigated. Subjective MBD of anonymized mammographic cases (n = 250) from a national breast-screening programme was rated by 49 radiologists from two countries (UK and USA) who were voluntarily recruited. Quantitatively, three measurement methods, namely VOLPARA, Hand Delineation (HD) and ImageJ (IJ) were used to calculate breast density using the same set of cases, however, for VOLPARA only mammographic cases (n = 122) with full raw digital data were included. The agreement level between methods was analysed using weighted kappa test. Agreement between UK and USA radiologists and VOLPARA varied from moderate (κw = 0.589) to substantial (κw = 0.639), respectively. The levels of agreement between USA, UK radiologists, VOLPARA with IJ were substantial (κw = 0.752, 0.768, 0.603), and with HD the levels of agreement varied from moderate to substantial (κw = 0.632, 0.680, 0.597), respectively. This study found that there is variability between subjective and objective MBD assessment methods, internationally. These results will add to the evidence base, emphasising the need for consistent, simple and time-efficient MBD assessment methods. Additionally, the quickest method to assess density is the subjective assessment, followed by VOLPARA, which is compatible with a busy clinical setting. Moreover, the use of a more limited two-scale system improves agreement levels and could help minimise any potential country bias.

A Comparison of Disease Assessment Methods for Southern Stem Rot of Peanut

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Rideout ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
K. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Southern stem rot (caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) traditionally has been assessed based on the percentage of infected 30.5-cm row segments, commonly referred to as disease incidence. Several alternative disease assessment methods were evaluated in four fungicide trials during the growing season (aboveground ratings) and immediately after peanut inversion (belowground ratings). Pearson's correlation coefficients compared disease assessments and yields for all trials. Across all disease assessment methods, belowground assessments at inversion showed a stronger correlation with yield than in-season aboveground assessments. Several of the alternative assessment methods showed a stronger negative correlation with yield than did the traditional disease incidence rating. However, none of the alternative methods were consistently more precise across all assessment dates and trials. There was a significant positive correlation between many of the alternative methods and the traditional disease incidence method. Furthermore, none of the alternative methods was better than the traditional method for detecting differences among fungicide treatments when subjected to ANOVA and subsequent Waller-Duncan mean separation tests (k-ratio = 100). Based on comparisons of the time required to assess disease intensity, the traditional disease assessment method was found to be the most time efficient method of those tested in this study.

Quantitative Assessment Method for Supporting Scenario Workshops toward Sustainable Consumption and Production

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Sota Onozuka ◽  
Yusuke Kishita ◽  
Mitsutaka Matsumoto ◽  
Michikazu Kojima ◽  
Yasushi Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Sustainable Consumption And Production

Study on Prediction and Assessment Methods of Outdoor Wind Environment of Residential District - Taking “Letian Home” in Leshan, Sichuan for Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3868-3873
Author(s):  
Li Jin Ma ◽  
Hong Juan Zou ◽  
Jia Shun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Computational Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Analog Computation ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Residential District

According to the micro-climate environment outdoor of the region, wind environment outdoor which is under planning programming can be done analog computation using computational fluid mechanics PHOENICS software. A set of comprehensive prediction and assessment system which is mainly focused on outdoor environment composite index WBGT can be established combining with assessment method on wind environment outdoor of predecessors in order to more accurately and humanly predict and assess the wind environment outdoor, bring safe, comfortable and healthy outdoor environment and provide references for the assessment and design of green residential district.

Food Allergy-Related Bullying Among Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Cooke ◽  
Ashley Ramos ◽  
Linda Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Bullying Experiences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Objective Food allergy (FA) management requires youth to avoid allergens and carry emergency medication which can impact participation in social activities. Previous research indicates that some youth experience FA-related bullying, but many studies are limited by single-item assessment methods and a narrow definition of bullying. This study describes FA-related bullying among a diverse cohort of youth with FA and evaluates parent–child disagreement and bullying assessment methods. Methods Youth ages 9–15 years (n = 121) diagnosed with an IgE-mediated FA and their primary caregivers were recruited from pediatric FA clinics to complete surveys about their FA-related bullying experiences. Descriptive statistics were conducted to assess overall FA-related bullying and McNemar tests were utilized to assess disagreement among parent–child report and between multi-item and single-item assessment methods. Results Seventeen percent and 31% of youth reported FA-related bullying on single-item and multi-item assessments, respectively. Twelve percent of parents reported their child had experienced FA-related bullying. Youth reported overt physical (51%), overt non-physical (66%), and relational FA-related bullying (20%). FA-related bullying was most common among classmates. Assessment method significantly affected the rates of FA-related bullying reported by youth, and parents and youth only agreed on FA-bullying experiences when assessed via the single-item measure. Conclusions A subset of a diverse sample of youth with FA reported FA-related bullying. Clinicians should use multi-item assessment methods and ask both parents and children about their experiences to fully capture the experiences of families managing FA. School policies that facilitate FA safety and social inclusion should be promoted. Clinical Trial Registration N/A.

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